The Role of Molecular Imaging in a Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patient: A Narrative Review in the Era of Multimodality Treatment

Cuccurullo, Vincenzo; Stasio, Giuseppe Danilo Di; Manti, Francesco; Arcuri, Pier Paolo; Damiano, Rocco; Cascini, Giuseppe Lucio

doi:10.3390/diagnostics11050863

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Although the cost of nanocolloids has been decreasing over time, it remains relatively high. The cost of new radiotracers is a major disadvantage of these, considering that the gain in detection rate is not much higher than that obtained with radiocolloids [ 71 ].…”

Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of Nuclear And Non-nuclear Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nuclear Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping Compared to New Alternative Imaging Methods

Cuccurullo,

Rapa,

Catalfamo

et al. 2023

JPM

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With the emergence of sentinel node technology, many patients can be staged histopathologically using lymphatic mapping and selective lymphadenectomy. Structural imaging by using US, CT and MR permits precise measurement of lymph node volume, which is strongly associated with neoplastic involvement. Sentinel lymph node detection has been an ideal field of application for nuclear medicine because anatomical data fails to represent the close connections between the lymphatic system and regional lymph nodes, or, more specifically, to identify the first draining lymph node. Hybrid imaging has demonstrated higher accuracy than standard imaging in SLN visualization on images, but it did not change in terms of surgical detection. New alternatives without ionizing radiations are emerging now from “non-radiological” fields, such as ophthalmology and dermatology, where fluorescence or opto-acoustic imaging, for example, are widely used. In this paper, we will analyze the advantages and limits of the main innovative methods in sentinel lymph node detection, including innovations in lymphoscintigraphy techniques that persist as the gold standard to date.

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Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of Nuclear And Non-nuclear Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nuclear Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping Compared to New Alternative Imaging Methods

Cuccurullo,

Rapa,

Catalfamo

et al. 2023

JPM

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“…Twenty-two patients with BCa underwent [ 18 F]FDG PET/MRI, and as the MRI alone was scored by a radiologist for the probability of tumour in three locations (urinary bladder, pelvic lymph node or nonnodal pelvis), the nuclear medicine physician read the images of the fused PET/MRI [18]. The results showed that the addition of PET/MRI was superior for the determination of tumour in the lymph nodes with an accuracy of 95 versus 76% MRI alone [19 entities can be measured with fibroblast-activation protein inhibitor (FAPI), a quinolone-based tracer that acts as a fibroblast-activation protein inhibitor labelled with PET radionuclides. FAPI is a superior tracer compared with [ 18 F]FDG due to its higher uptake in the primary site as shown in a study comparing eighty patients with 28 different histopathologically proven tumour entities [21].…”

Section: F]fdg Pet/mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PET in bladder cancer imaging

Muin¹,

Laukhtina

Hacker³

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Urology

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Purpose of reviewThe aim of this study was to summarize the available evidence on different PET imaging modalities for the staging of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer (BCa). We further discuss the use of PET/computed tomography (CT) and PET/MRI with different radiopharmaceuticals to characterize tumour biology for treatment guidance. Recent findingsAvailable evidence supports the benefits of PET/CT in BCa staging due to its higher accuracy in the detection of nodal metastases compared with CT alone. The use of PET/MRI is of major future interest due to the higher soft tissue contrast of MRI, which might enable the early detection of the tumour in the bladder. For the time being, the sensitivity of PET/MRI is still too low, when it comes to the diagnosis of early-stage BCa. This is mainly due to the renal excretion of the commonly used [ 18 F]FDG PET tracer, wherefore small lesions in the wall of the bladder can be missed. Novel studies using PET radiopharmaceuticals to target immune checkpoints or other immune cell targets (immunoPET) demonstrated high uptake in tumour lesions with high PD-L1 expression. The use of immunoPET could therefore help identify BCa patients who exhibit PD-L1 positive tumours for systemic immune-therapy. SummaryPET/CT and PET/MRI seem to be promising imaging tools in BCa staging, especially for the detection of lymph node and distant metastases, as they are more accurate than conventional CT. Future clinical trials with novel radiopharmaceuticals and machine-learning driven PET-technologies bear the potential to help in the early detection, staging, monitoring and precision-medicine approach. Specifically, immunoPET is of high future interest, as it could help develop the concept of precision-medicine in the age of immunotherapy.

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“…The role of imaging in treating lymphedema has benefited from new techniques in the area of lymphatic vessel anatomization, as demonstrated by the use of MRL in the pre-operative setting; similarly, ICG lymphography has demonstrated its ability to precisely identify lymphatic vessels to be subjected to reconstructive surgery in real time. Nuclear medicine has shown great potential in adding pathophysiological data to anatomical imaging [47][48][49][50][51]. These advancements are of value in many clinical scenarios where scintigraphy guides the treatment, as demonstrated by radioguided surgery (RGS) [52,53].…”

Section: The Role Of Imaging In the Prevention And Treatment Of Lymph...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Imaging of Lymphatic System to Prevent Cancer Related Lymphedema

Cuccurullo,

Rapa,

Catalfamo

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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Lymphedema is a progressive chronic condition affecting approximately 250 million people worldwide, a number that is currently underestimated. In Western countries, the most common form of lymphedema of the extremities is cancer-related and less radical surgical intervention is the main option to prevent it. Standardized protocols in the areas of diagnosis, staging and treatment are strongly required to address this issue. The aim of this study is to review the main diagnostic methods, comparing new emerging procedures to lymphoscintigraphy, considered as the golden standard to date. The roles of Magnetic Resonance Lymphangiography (MRL) or indocyanine green ICG lymphography are particularly reviewed in order to evaluate diagnostic accuracy, potential associations with lymphoscintigraphy, and future directions guided by AI protocols. The use of imaging to treat lymphedema has benefited from new techniques in the area of lymphatic vessels anatomy; these perspectives have become of value in many clinical scenarios to prevent cancer-related lymphedema.

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The Role of Molecular Imaging in a Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patient: A Narrative Review in the Era of Multimodality Treatment

Cited by 5 publications

References 72 publications

Role of Nuclear Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping Compared to New Alternative Imaging Methods

Role of Nuclear Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping Compared to New Alternative Imaging Methods

PET in bladder cancer imaging

The Role of Imaging of Lymphatic System to Prevent Cancer Related Lymphedema

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