The Role of Moderating Variables on BOLD fMRI Response During Semantic Verbal Fluency and Finger Tapping in Active and Educated Healthy Seniors

Rodríguez‐Aranda, Claudia; Castro-Chavira, Susana A.; Espenes, Ragna; Barrios, Fernando A.; Waterloo, Knut; Vangberg, Torgil

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.00203

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Higher K trans values and higher BBB permeability were correlated to lower MMSE scores. Females tend to rely more on visual areas to accomplish the tasks [ 24 ], and visual functions are mainly mediated by the occipital cortex. According to the principle of neurovascular coupling, blood flow should be more abundant to allow for more efficient cognitive functioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Related Differences in Regional Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity in Non-Demented Elderly Subjects

Moon

Lim

Kim

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The role of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown has been recognized as being important in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. We aimed to evaluate whether regional BBB integrity differed according to sex and whether differences in BBB integrity changed as a consequence of aging or cognitive decline, using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In total, 75 participants with normal cognition (NC) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) underwent cognitive assessments and MRI examination including DCE-MRI. Regional Ktrans was calculated in cortical regions and the Patlak permeability model was used to calculate BBB permeability (Ktrans, min−1). Females had a lower median Ktrans in the cingulate and occipital cortices. In the “older old” group, sex differences in Ktrans were only observed in the occipital cortex. In the MCI group, sex differences in Ktrans were only observed in the occipital cortex. Age was the only predictor of cognitive assessment scores in the male MCI group; however, educational years and Ktrans in the occipital cortex could predict cognitive scores in the female MCI group. Our study revealed that females may have better BBB integrity in cingulate and occipital cortices. We also found that sex-related differences in BBB integrity are attenuated with aging or cognitive decline.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Related Differences in Regional Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity in Non-Demented Elderly Subjects

Moon

Lim

Kim

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Our findings are relevant as verbal fluency is significantly impaired in several dementia types including Alzheimer's disease (Henry et al, 2004 ), shows early changes in mild cognitive impairment (Murphy et al, 2006 ), is sensitive to subjective cognitive decline (Nikolai et al, 2018 ), and is even suggested as a potential screening tool (McDonnell et al, 2020 ; Frankenberg et al, 2021 ). Further, subdomains of verbal fluency such as phonemic and semantic fluency evolve differentially over time, even in healthy aging (Stolwyk et al, 2015 ; Gonzalez-Burgos et al, 2019 ; Rodríguez-Aranda et al, 2020 ). Relative stability of phonemic fluency over aging, thus, raises the question of whether reserve-facilitated compensatory mechanisms might have a role in its reduced susceptibility to decline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The closest direct measure of cognitive reserve is based on functional brain processes (Stern et al, 2020 ), addressed with methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Despite the wealth of research on identifying and characterizing distinct aspects of verbal fluency, limited neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural correlates of phonemic fluency, specifically in the context of cognitive reserve (Boyle et al, 2020 ; Rodríguez-Aranda et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Connectivity and Compensation of Phonemic Fluency in Aging

Mohanty

Gonzalez-Burgos

Díaz‐Flores

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Neural compensatory mechanisms associated with broad cognitive abilities have been studied. However, those associated with specific cognitive subdomains (e.g., verbal fluency) remain to be investigated in healthy aging. Here, we delineate: (a) neural substrates of verbal (phonemic) fluency, and (b) compensatory mechanisms mediating the association between these neural substrates and phonemic fluency. We analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 133 right-handed, cognitively normal individuals who underwent the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) to record their phonemic fluency. We evaluated functional connectivity in an established and extended language network comprising Wernicke, Broca, thalamic and anti-correlated modules. (a) We conducted voxel-wise multiple linear regression to identify the brain areas associated with phonemic fluency. (b) We used mediation effects of cognitive reserve, measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Information subtest, upon the association between functional connectivity and phonemic fluency tested to investigate compensation. We found that: (a) Greater functional connectivity between the Wernicke module and brain areas within the anti-correlated module was associated with better performance in phonemic fluency, (b) Cognitive reserve was an unlikely mediator in younger adults. In contrast, cognitive reserve was a partial mediator of the association between functional connectivity and phonemic fluency in older adults, likely representing compensation to counter the effect of aging. We conclude that in healthy aging, higher performance in phonemic fluency at older ages could be attributed to greater functional connectivity partially facilitated by higher cognitive reserve, presumably reflecting compensatory mechanisms to minimize the effect of aging.

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Electrical stimulation of the cerebellum facilitates automatic but not controlled word retrieval

Petríková,

Marko,

Rovný

et al. 2023

Brain Struct Funct

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Recent research has indicated that the cerebellum is engaged in language functions, yet the role of the cerebellum in lexical-semantic memory is poorly understood. In a double-blind randomized controlled experiment, we therefore targeted the cerebellum by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to assess and compare the contribution of the cerebellar processing to automatic and controlled retrieval of words in healthy adults (n = 136). Anodal cerebellar tDCS facilitated retrieval of semantically related words in free-associative chains, which was not due to a non-specific acceleration of processing speed. The stimulation had no influence on controlled word retrieval that employed inhibition or switching. The effect of cathodal tDCS was opposite to the anodal stimulation, but statistically non-significant. Our data show that the cerebellum is engaged extracting associative information from the system of semantic representations, established and strengthened/automated by learning, and indicates a domain-general role of this structure in automation of behavior, cognition and language.

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The Role of Moderating Variables on BOLD fMRI Response During Semantic Verbal Fluency and Finger Tapping in Active and Educated Healthy Seniors

Cited by 6 publications

References 87 publications

Sex-Related Differences in Regional Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity in Non-Demented Elderly Subjects

Sex-Related Differences in Regional Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity in Non-Demented Elderly Subjects

Functional Connectivity and Compensation of Phonemic Fluency in Aging

Electrical stimulation of the cerebellum facilitates automatic but not controlled word retrieval

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