The role of miRNA molecules in the miscarriage process

Abstract

The etiology and pathogenesis of miscarriage, which is the most common pregnancy complication, have not been fully elucidated. There is a constant search for new screening biomarkers that would allow for the early diagnosis of disorders associated with pregnancy pathology. The profiling of miRNA expression is a promising research area, which can help establish the predictive factors for pregnancy diseases. Molecules of miRNAs are involved in several processes crucial for the development and functioning of the body. These processes include cell division and differentiation, programmed cell death, blood vessel formation or tumorigenesis, and the response to oxidative stress. MiRNAs affect the number of individual proteins in the body due to their ability to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, ensuring the normal course of many cellular processes. Based on the scientific facts available, this paper presents a compendium on the role of miRNA molecules in the miscarriage process. The expression of potential miRNA molecules as early minimally invasive diagnostic biomarkers may be evaluated as early as the first weeks of pregnancy, and may constitute a monitoring factor in the individual clinical care of women in early pregnancy, especially after the first miscarriage. To summarize, the described scientific data set a new direction of research in the development of preventive care and prognostic monitoring of the course of pregnancy.

MicroRNA Associations with Preterm Labor—A Systematic Review

“…Omeljaniuk et al explored the role of miRNA molecules in miscarriage, emphasizing their potential as early minimally invasive diagnostic biomarkers. The review discussed miRNAs' involvement in vital cellular processes crucial for pregnancy, emphasizing their predictive role in monitoring early pregnancy complications, particularly after the first miscarriage [17].…”

“…By unveiling dysregulated miRNAs associated with critical processes such as cell migration, proliferation and angiogenesis, this study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying pregnancy loss [28]. Omeljaniuk et al contribute to the contemporary understanding by discussing the potential of miRNAs as early minimally invasive diagnostic biomarkers for miscarriage [17]. In an era where advancing reproductive medicine aims to enhance the precision and timeliness of diagnostics, the exploration of miRNAs as potential biomarkers aligns with the current imperative for non-invasive, early detection methods.…”

Value of Non-Coding RNA Expression in Biofluids to Identify Patients at Low Risk of Pathologies Associated with Pregnancy

“…Although recurrent miscarriages are frequently observed, limited data about ncRNAs in biofluids are available for de novo early miscarriage despite its high incidence [38]. Hosseini et al evaluated the predictive value of maternal plasma miRNAs for the risk of miscarriage by comparing 16 patients with miscarriage between 6 and 8 WG with eight patients who had abortions at similar terms.…”

miR-146b-5p downregulates IRAK1 and ADAM19 to suppress trophoblast proliferation, invasion, and migration in miscarriage

“…MicroRNAs (miRNAs) lack the ability to code proteins yet control diverse biological processes through posttranscriptional regulation of target mRNAs. Given the stability of miR-NAs within biofluid and tissue samples, they have emerged as promising candidate biomarkers and targets for treatment efforts in a range of disease states [14][15][16]. Moreover, several have completed clinical phase I trials as therapeutic targets, and their efficacy is encouraging [15,16].…”