The role of minimum supply and social vulnerability assessment for governing critical infrastructure failure: current gaps and future agenda

Garschagen, Matthias; Sandholz, Simone

doi:10.5194/nhess-18-1233-2018

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Our work has simulated disruptions throughout supply chains in the United States where collapsing avalanches jeopardize the provisioning of goods and services in spatially varied ways. Several scholars articulate that if we hope to support basic human needs such as provisioning of food and water understanding prioritization of risk, responsibility and security around CI will be of critical importance (Clark et al 2018 ; Garschagen and Sandholz 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragility of a multilayer network of intranational supply chains

et al. 2020

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Supply chains enable the flow of goods and services within economic systems. When mapped for the entire economy and geographic locations of a country, supply chains form a spatial web of interactions among suppliers and buyers. One way to characterize supply chains is through multiregional input-output linkages. Using a multiregional input-output dataset, we build the multilayer network of supply chains in the United States. Together with a network cascade model, the multilayer network is used to explore the propagation of economic shocks along intranational supply chains. We find that the effect of economic shocks, measured using the avalanche size or total number of collapsed nodes, varies widely depending on the geographic location and economic sector of origin of a shock. The response of the supply chains to shocks reveals a threshold-like behavior. Below a certain failure or fragility level, the avalanche size increases relatively quickly for any node in the network. Based on this result, we find that the most fragile regions tend to be located in the central United States, which are regions that tend to specialize in food production and manufacturing. The most fragile layers are chemical and pharmaceutical products, services and food-related products, which are all sectors that have been disrupted by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. The fragility risk, measured by the intersection of the fragility level of a node and its exposure to shocks, varies across regions and sectors. This suggests that interventions aiming to make the supply-chain network more robust to shocks are likely needed at multiple levels of network aggregation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragility of a multilayer network of intranational supply chains

et al. 2020

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“…Desktop researches were done to assess policy guidelines, standards, and frameworks for emergency water supply as well as for legislation in the European, Austrian, and German contexts. Another structured document search with different keyword searches regarding the linkages between critical infrastructure (CI) failure, social vulnerability, and minimum supply [25] done in SCOPUS database in July 2017 served to identify past disasters and their impacts on water infrastructure and supply.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecure Security: Emergency Water Supply and Minimum Standards in Countries with a High Supply Reliability

Bross

Krause

Wannewitz

et al. 2019

Water

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Drinking water supply is at the core of both, humanitarian action in times of crisis, as well as national policies for regular and emergency supply. In countries with a continuous water supply, the population mostly relies ingenuously on the permanent availability of tap water due to high supply standards. In case of a disruption in the drinking water infrastructure, minimum supply standards become important for emergency management during disasters. However, wider recognition of this issue is still lacking, particularly in countries facing comparably fewer disruptions. Several international agencies provide guideline values for minimum water provision standards in case of a disaster. Acknowledging that these minimum standards were developed for humanitarian assistance, it remains to be analyzed whether these standards apply to disaster management in countries with high supply standards. Based on a comprehensive literature review of scientific publications and humanitarian guidelines, as well as policies from selected countries, current processes, contents, and shortcomings of emergency water supply planning are assessed. To close the identified gaps, this paper flags potential improvements for emergency water supply planning and identifies future fields of research.

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“…The scientific literature in Germany is also scarce regarding minimum supply aspects that concern infrastructure services in extreme situations and demand a minimum supply. However, there are some first literature reviews [87] and a study regarding emergency water supply [39]. In the field of safety engineering, there also exists a flood risk-based accessibility assessment of refugee shelters for the city of Cologne (Germany) [88].…”

Section: Advancing Existing Risk Management Guidelines On Aspects Of Resilience and Minimum Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging Gaps in Minimum Humanitarian Standards and Shelter Planning by Critical Infrastructures

Fekete

Bross²,

Krause

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Current agendas such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction or the Sustainable Development Goals are demanding more integration of disaster risk management into other thematic fields and relevant sectors. However, certain thematic fields such as shelter planning and critical infrastructure have not been integrated yet. This article provides an analysis of minimum humanitarian standards contained in the well-known Sphere handbook. Gaps are identified for several critical infrastructure services. Moreover, guidance on how to derive infrastructure or lifeline needs has been found missing. This article analyses the missing service supply and infrastructure identification items and procedures. The main innovation is a more integrative perspective on infrastructure that can improve existing minimum humanitarian standards. It can guide the provision of infrastructure services to various types for different hazard scenarios, hence make humanitarian aid and shelter planning more sustainable in terms of avoiding infrastructure or lifeline shortages.

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The role of minimum supply and social vulnerability assessment for governing critical infrastructure failure: current gaps and future agenda

Cited by 34 publications

References 64 publications

Fragility of a multilayer network of intranational supply chains

Fragility of a multilayer network of intranational supply chains

Insecure Security: Emergency Water Supply and Minimum Standards in Countries with a High Supply Reliability

Bridging Gaps in Minimum Humanitarian Standards and Shelter Planning by Critical Infrastructures

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