The Role of MicroRNAs in Bone Metabolism and Disease

Gao, Yongguang; Patil, Suryaji; Qian, Airong

doi:10.3390/ijms21176081

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Besides involvement of mechanistic studies, miRNAs also possess potential applications as diagnostic biomarkers because specific miRNAs seem to have a disturbed expression in several cells and body compartments in patients with bone-related disorders (Bottani et al, 2020). Furthermore, miRNAs have a distinct advantage as novel therapeutic targets with the possibility of avoiding undesirable side effects, which may provide a novel sight into tailored therapies for HLF/OLF (Gao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulation of MicroRNAs in Hypertrophy and Ossification of Ligamentum Flavum: New Advances, Challenges, and Potential Directions

et al. 2021

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Pathological changes in the ligamentum flavum (LF) can be defined as a process of chronic progressive aberrations in the nature and structure of ligamentous tissues characterized by increased thickness, reduced elasticity, local calcification, or aggravated ossification, which may cause severe myelopathy, radiculopathy, or both. Hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum (HLF) and ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) are clinically common entities. Though accumulated evidence has indicated both genetic and environmental factors could contribute to the initiation and progression of HLF/OLF, the definite pathogenesis remains fully unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), one of the important epigenetic modifications, are short single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate protein-coding gene expression at posttranscriptional level, which can disclose the mechanism underlying diseases, identify valuable biomarkers, and explore potential therapeutic targets. Considering that miRNAs play a central role in regulating gene expression, we summarized current studies from the point of view of miRNA-related molecular regulation networks in HLF/OLF. Exploratory studies revealed a variety of miRNA expression profiles and identified a battery of upregulated and downregulated miRNAs in OLF/HLF patients through microarray datasets or transcriptome sequencing. Experimental studies validated the roles of specific miRNAs (e.g., miR-132-3p, miR-199b-5p in OLF, miR-155, and miR-21 in HLF) in regulating fibrosis or osteogenesis differentiation of LF cells and related target genes or molecular signaling pathways. Finally, we discussed the perspectives and challenges of miRNA-based molecular mechanism, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets of HLF/OLF.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulation of MicroRNAs in Hypertrophy and Ossification of Ligamentum Flavum: New Advances, Challenges, and Potential Directions

et al. 2021

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“…MiRNAs constitute a class of single-stranded non-coding RNAs having a length of 19–25 nucleotides and are produced by the action of RNA polymerase II. MiRNAs regulate gene expression by preventing messenger RNA (mRNA) from being translated or promoting mRNA degradation, affecting cellular processes [ 81 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Molecules In Osteoclast Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Biomolecules in Osteoclasts and Their Therapeutic Potential for Osteoporosis

Zhao

Patil

et al. 2021

Biomolecules

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Osteoclasts (OCs) are important cells that are involved in the regulation of bone metabolism and are mainly responsible for coordinating bone resorption with bone formation to regulate bone remodeling. The imbalance between bone resorption and formation significantly affects bone metabolism. When the activity of osteoclasts exceeds the osteoblasts, it results in a condition called osteoporosis, which is characterized by reduced bone microarchitecture, decreased bone mass, and increased occurrences of fracture. Molecules, including transcription factors, proteins, hormones, nucleic acids, such as non-coding RNAs, play an important role in osteoclast proliferation, differentiation, and function. In this review, we have highlighted the role of these molecules in osteoclasts regulation and osteoporosis. The developed therapeutics targeting these molecules for the treatment of osteoporosis in recent years have also been discussed with challenges faced in clinical application.

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“…In addition, BMP-2 expression and its respective receptor BMPR-2 were identified as other common targets of differentially expressed miRNAs [ 71 ]. A comprehensive overview of miRNAs involved in bone homeostasis and disease can be found elsewhere [ 25 , 71 , 72 , 75 , 76 ].…”

Section: Biology Of Bone Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing biomaterials for the delivery of RNA therapeutics to stimulate bone healing

Andrée

Yang

Brock

et al. 2021

Materials Today Bio

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Ribonucleic acids (small interfering RNA, microRNA, and messenger RNA) have been emerging as a promising new class of therapeutics for bone regeneration. So far, however, research has mostly focused on stability and complexation of these oligonucleotides for systemic delivery. By comparison, delivery of RNA nanocomplexes from biomaterial carriers can facilitate a spatiotemporally controlled local delivery of osteogenic oligonucleotides. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in the design of biomaterials which allow for temporal and spatial control over RNA delivery. We correlate this concept of spatiotemporally controlled RNA delivery to the most relevant events that govern bone regeneration to evaluate to which extent tuning of release kinetics is required. In addition, inspired by the physiological principles of bone regeneration, potential new RNA targets are presented. Finally, considerations for clinical translation and upscaled production are summarized to stimulate the design of clinically relevant RNA-releasing biomaterials.

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The Role of MicroRNAs in Bone Metabolism and Disease

Cited by 38 publications

References 129 publications

Dysregulation of MicroRNAs in Hypertrophy and Ossification of Ligamentum Flavum: New Advances, Challenges, and Potential Directions

Dysregulation of MicroRNAs in Hypertrophy and Ossification of Ligamentum Flavum: New Advances, Challenges, and Potential Directions

Role of Biomolecules in Osteoclasts and Their Therapeutic Potential for Osteoporosis

Designing biomaterials for the delivery of RNA therapeutics to stimulate bone healing

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