The role of microRNAs in the molecular link between circadian rhythm and autism spectrum disorder

Kim, Ji Young; Kim, Wanil; Lee, Kyung-Ha

doi:10.1080/19768354.2023.2180535

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 177 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…The genetic mechanism controlling this bidirectional communication hinges on the genes coding for the glucocorticoid receptor and clock genes (central and peripheral). The potential role of micro RNAs in regulation of the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor and clock genes (central and peripheral) merits investigation with in vitro models [63]. The study of circadian rhythms is necessary, as these rhythms play a vital role in preparing an organism's body for expected changes in the environment within a 24 h period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in the Bovine Neuroendocrine Adrenal System

Earnhardt-San,

Baker,

Riley

et al. 2023

Genes

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Knowledge of circadian rhythm clock gene expression outside the suprachiasmatic nucleus is increasing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether expression of circadian clock genes differed within or among the bovine stress axis tissues (e.g., amygdala, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal cortex, and adrenal medulla). Tissues were obtained at an abattoir from eight mature nonpregnant Brahman cows that had been maintained in the same pasture and nutritional conditions. Sample tissues were stored in RNase-free sterile cryovials at −80 °C until the total RNA was extracted, quantified, assessed, and sequenced (NovaSeq 6000 system; paired-end 150 bp cycles). The trimmed reads were then mapped to a Bos taurus (B. taurus) reference genome (Umd3.1). Further analysis used the edgeR package. Raw gene count tables were read into RStudio, and low-expression genes were filtered out using the criteria of three minimum reads per gene in at least five samples. Normalization factors were then calculated using the trimmed mean of M values method to produce normalized gene counts within each sample tissue. The normalized gene counts important for a circadian rhythm were analyzed within and between each tissue of the stress axis using the GLM and CORR procedures of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The relative expression profiles of circadian clock genes differed (p < 0.01) within each tissue, with neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) having greater expression in the amygdala (p < 0.01) and period circadian regulator (PER1) having greater expression in all other tissues (p < 0.01). The expression among tissues also differed (p < 0.01) for individual circadian clock genes, with circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput (CLOCK) expression being greater within the adrenal tissues and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1) expression being greater within the other tissues (p < 0.01). Overall, the results indicate that within each tissue, the various circadian clock genes were differentially expressed, in addition to being differentially expressed among the stress tissues of mature Brahman cows. Future use of these findings may assist in improving livestock husbandry and welfare by understanding interactions of the environment, stress responsiveness, and peripheral circadian rhythms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in the Bovine Neuroendocrine Adrenal System

Earnhardt-San,

Baker,

Riley

et al. 2023

Genes

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“…After nuclear export, mRNAs undergo translation, and the miRNA biogenesis pathway similarly progresses from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Although miRNAs are more abundant in the cytoplasm than in the nucleus, nuclear-resident miRNAs have recently been recognized for their noncanonical roles 119,120 . Several lines of evidence suggest that miRNAs function in the nucleus through the nucleocytoplasmic transport of the RNA-RISC complex.…”

Section: Chromosome-embedded Regulatorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular insights into regulatory RNAs in the cellular machinery

Yang,

Kim,

Yang

et al. 2024

Exp Mol Med

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It is apparent that various functional units within the cellular machinery are derived from RNAs. The evolution of sequencing techniques has resulted in significant insights into approaches for transcriptome studies. Organisms utilize RNA to govern cellular systems, and a heterogeneous class of RNAs is involved in regulatory functions. In particular, regulatory RNAs are increasingly recognized to participate in intricately functioning machinery across almost all levels of biological systems. These systems include those mediating chromatin arrangement, transcription, suborganelle stabilization, and posttranscriptional modifications. Any class of RNA exhibiting regulatory activity can be termed a class of regulatory RNA and is typically represented by noncoding RNAs, which constitute a substantial portion of the genome. These RNAs function based on the principle of structural changes through cis and/or trans regulation to facilitate mutual RNA‒RNA, RNA‒DNA, and RNA‒protein interactions. It has not been clearly elucidated whether regulatory RNAs identified through deep sequencing actually function in the anticipated mechanisms. This review addresses the dominant properties of regulatory RNAs at various layers of the cellular machinery and covers regulatory activities, structural dynamics, modifications, associated molecules, and further challenges related to therapeutics and deep learning.

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“…Because individual miRNAs are involved in regulating expressions of hundreds of genes on average, they represent attractive subjects of investigation to elucidate the pathogenesis of complex disorders [ 13 ], such as FASDs. A summary of published data on some of the molecular targets of specific miRNAs and their associated neurodevelopmental functions or disorders are shown in Supplemental Data, Table S1 [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Brain-Derived Exosomal miRNAs from Maternal Blood: Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs)

Darbinian,

Hampe,

Martirosyan

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are leading causes of neurodevelopmental disability but cannot be diagnosed early in utero. Because several microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in other neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, the effects of EtOH exposure on the expression of these miRNAs and their target genes and pathways were assessed. In women who drank alcohol (EtOH) during pregnancy and non-drinking controls, matched individually for fetal sex and gestational age, the levels of miRNAs in fetal brain-derived exosomes (FB-Es) isolated from the mothers’ serum correlated well with the contents of the corresponding fetal brain tissues obtained after voluntary pregnancy termination. In six EtOH-exposed cases and six matched controls, the levels of fetal brain and maternal serum miRNAs were quantified on the array by qRT-PCR. In FB-Es from 10 EtOH-exposed cases and 10 controls, selected miRNAs were quantified by ddPCR. Protein levels were quantified by ELISA. There were significant EtOH-associated reductions in the expression of several miRNAs, including miR-9 and its downstream neuronal targets BDNF, REST, Synapsin, and Sonic hedgehog. In 20 paired cases, reductions in FB-E miR-9 levels correlated strongly with reductions in fetal eye diameter, a prominent feature of FASDs. Thus, FB-E miR-9 levels might serve as a biomarker to predict FASDs in at-risk fetuses.

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The role of microRNAs in the molecular link between circadian rhythm and autism spectrum disorder

Cited by 6 publications

References 177 publications

Differential Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in the Bovine Neuroendocrine Adrenal System

Differential Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in the Bovine Neuroendocrine Adrenal System

Molecular insights into regulatory RNAs in the cellular machinery

Fetal Brain-Derived Exosomal miRNAs from Maternal Blood: Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs)

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