The Role of microRNAs in Cancer: Functions, Biomarkers and Therapeutics

Tucci, Paola

doi:10.3390/cancers14040872

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…miRNAs are a subtype of ncRNAs species which have 20–22 nucleotides. Considering the involvement of several miRNAs in tumor suppression, progression, and cellular pathway modulation, miRNAs regulation might provide promising opportunities in cancer treatment (Peng & Croce, 2016; Tucci, 2022). miRNA plays a role in regulating gene expression by regulating post‐transcriptional and transcriptional steps of target genes.…”

Section: Ncrnas Applications In Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, ncRNAs might be new therapeutic approaches for malignancies (Liu & Wang, 2016;Yousefi et al, 2017). Furthermore, current main cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and combination therapy face limitations and obstacles due to the complexity of tumor cell changes and their resistance to current treatments (Gao et al, 2020;Valizadeh et al, 2019;Yousefi et al, 2017). However, new findings showed that ncRNAs can be selected candidates to overcome these challenges (Wang, Han, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of engineered exosomes in drugging noncoding RNAs for cancer therapy

et al. 2023

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Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are engaged in key cell biological and pathological events, and their expression alteration is connected to cancer progression both directly and indirectly. A huge number of studies have mentioned the significant role of ncRNAs in cancer prevention and therapy that make them an interesting subject for cancer therapy. However, there are several limitations, including delivery, uptake, and short half‐life, in the application of ncRNAs in cancer treatment. Exosomes are introduced as promising options for the delivery of ncRNAs to the target cells. In this review, we will briefly discuss the application and barriers of ncRNAs. After that we will focus on exosome‐based ncRNAs delivery and their advantages as well as the latest achievements in drugging ncRNAs with exosomes.

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Section: Ncrnas Applications In Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of engineered exosomes in drugging noncoding RNAs for cancer therapy

et al. 2023

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“…Moreover, microRNAs have shown great potential for identifying tissue of origin for cancers of unknown primary origin [21]. microRNAs have been investigated as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers extensively in the research community, and have even been found to be deregulated in numerous cancers [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Learning–Based Identification of Tissue of Origin for Carcinomas of Unknown Primary Using MicroRNA Expression: Algorithm Development and Validation

Raghu,

Wise

2024

JMIR Bioinform Biotech

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Background: Carcinoma of Unknown Primary (CUP) is a subset of metastatic cancers in which the primary tissue source of the cancer cells, or origin, remains unidentified. CUP is the eighth most common malignancy worldwide, and accounts for up to five percent of all malignancies. Representing an exceptionally aggressive category of metastatic cancers, the median survival of CUP is approximately three to six months. The tissue in which a cancer arises plays a key role in our understanding of sensitivities to various forms of cell death in cancer cells. Thus, the lack of knowledge on tissue of origin makes it difficult to devise tailored and effective treatments for patients with CUP. Developing quick and clinically implementable methods to identify the tissue of origin of the primary site is crucial in treating CUP patients. Non-coding RNAs, may hold potential for origin identification and provide a robust route to clinical implementation due to their resistance against chemical degradation. Objective:In this work, we investigate the potential of microRNAs, a subset of non-coding RNAs, as highly accurate biomarkers for detecting the tissue of origin through data driven, machine learning, approaches for metastatic cancers. Methods:We use microRNA expression data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and assess various machine learning approaches, from simple classifiers to deep learning approaches. As a validation of our classifiers, we evaluate the accuracy on a separate set of 194 primary tumor samples from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA). We use permutation feature importance to determine potential miRNA biomarkers and assess with PCA and t-SNE visualizations. Results:Our results show that it is possible to design robust classifiers to detect the tissue of origin for metastatic samples on the TCGA dataset with an accuracy of up to 96%, which may be utilized in situations of CUP. Our findings demonstrate that deep learning techniques enhance prediction accuracy. We progressed from an initial accuracy prediction of 62.5% with decision trees to 93.2% with logistic regression, finally achieving 96.1% accuracy using deep learning on metastatic samples. On the SRA validation set, a lower accuracy of 41.2% was achieved by decision tree, while deep learning achieved a higher accuracy of 81.2%. Notably, our feature importance analysis showed the top three most important biomarkers for predicting tissue of origin to be mir-10b, mir-205, and mir-196b, which aligns with previous work. Conclusions:Our findings highlight the potential of using machine learning techniques to devise accurate tests for detecting tissue of origin for CUP. Since microRNAs are carried throughout the body via extracellular vesicles secreted from cells, they may serve as key biomarkers for liquid biopsy due to their presence in blood plasma. Our work serves as a foundation towards developing blood-based cancer detection tests based on microRNA presence.

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“…Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been analysed as potential biomarkers for the early detection of various types of cancer, including EOC 6 , 7 miRNAs were discovered as a new class of evolutionarily conserved small non-coding molecules 8 . They play an important regulatory role in cellular homeostasis 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, to improve the survival rate of EOC patients, there is an urgent need to identify new diagnostic and theranostic biomarkers characterized by higher specificity and sensitivity. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been analysed as potential biomarkers for the early detection of various types of cancer, including EOC 6,7 . miRNAs were discovered as a new class of evolutionarily conserved small non-coding molecules 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mir-21 and Mir-125b as theranostic biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer in Tunisian women

Habel,

Nassar,

Itani

et al. 2023

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the third most common cancer in women and the leading cause of death associated with gynecologic tumors. Because this disease is asymptomatic in the early stages, most patients are not diagnosed until the late stages. This highlights the need for the development of diagnostic biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, are currently being explored as potential biomarkers for the early detection of various malignancies in humans. However, their expression and diagnostic value in OC have not been well studied. Materials and Methods: the plasma levels of miR-21, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-205 and miR-125b were determined in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients and healthy controls by Reverse Transcription Quantitative Realtime Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). The expression levels of the deregulated microRNAs were analysed according to clinical characteristics. Results: It was found that miR-21 and miR-125b were upregulated in EOC compared with healthy controls. Moreover, decreased miR-125b was associated with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. Conclusions: Our data suggest that miR-21 and miR-125b in plasma may serve as potential circulating biomarkers for the early detection of EOC. MiR-125b may also be useful for predicting chemosensitivity in EOC patients. Keywords: Epithelial ovarian cancer; miRNAs; biomarkers; resistance to treatment; Tunisia.

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The Role of microRNAs in Cancer: Functions, Biomarkers and Therapeutics

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs acting as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression with important roles in almost all biological pathways, including development, differentiation, cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis [...]

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Applications of engineered exosomes in drugging noncoding RNAs for cancer therapy

Applications of engineered exosomes in drugging noncoding RNAs for cancer therapy

Deep Learning–Based Identification of Tissue of Origin for Carcinomas of Unknown Primary Using MicroRNA Expression: Algorithm Development and Validation

Mir-21 and Mir-125b as theranostic biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer in Tunisian women

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