The role of microRNAs in stemness of cancer stem cells

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most important diseases of humans, for which no cure has been found so far. Understanding the causes of cancer can pave the way for its treatment. Alteration in genetic elements such as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes results in cancer. The most recent theory for the origin of cancer has been provided by cancer stem cells (CSCs). Tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs) or CSCs are a small population isolated from tumors and hematologic malignancies. Since CSCs are similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in many aspects (such as pluripotency and self-renewal), recognizing the signaling pathways through which ESCs maintain their stemness can also help identify CSC signaling. One component of these signaling pathways is non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs are classified in two groups: microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). miRNAs undergo altered expression in cancer. In this regard, they are classified as Onco-miRNAs or tumor suppressor miRNAs. Some miRNAs play similar roles in ESCs and CSCs, such as let-7 and miR-302. This review focuses on the miRNAs involved in stemness of ESCs and CSCs by presenting a summary of the role of miRNAs in other tumor cells.

The mechanisms for lung cancer risk of PM2.5: Induction of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell properties in human non‐small cell lung cancer cells

“…Recent studies found that microRNAs regulate both EMT and CSC, and the dysregulation of microRNAs has been implicated in tumorigenesis . We further investigated the effects of chronic PM 2.5 exposure on the expression of microRNA related to EMT and cancer stemness maintenance.…”

“…Several microRNAs have been found to be differentially expressed in normal and cancer stem cells, and play key roles in targeting genes and pathways associated with cancer stemness properties . They also regulate self‐renewal of CSC and correlated with EMT acquisition and CSC properties .…”

“…In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of acute and chronic PM 2.5 exposure on the induction of EMT and CSC properties in human non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line. Moreover, studies on human lung cancer have highlighted several microRNAs, like let‐7a, miR‐15, miR‐16, miR34a, and miR‐200, to be differentially expressed in normal and lung cancer stem cells, and they are important in EMT conversion, stemness maintenance and differentiation induction of CSC . Thus, we further estimated the relationship of stemness‐associated microRNAs regulating EMT and CSC properties and the lung cancer risk of PM 2.5 , to provide a better understanding of the lung oncogenesis caused by PM 2.5 .…”

Meme kanseri kök hücrelerinde elajik asit ile indüklenmiş miRNA’ların ifadesi ve elajik asidin apoptoz üzerine etkisi

“…Hücresel farklılaşma, hücre invazyonu ve göçü, ilaç direnci, apoptozis ve kök hücre özelliklerinin korunması gibi birçok farklı mekanizmada miRNA'lar hedefindeki genlerin ifadesini düzenleyerek rol oynamaktadır (31)(32)(33)(34)(35). miRNA'ların ifadesi meme kanseri hücreleri ve meme kanseri kök hücreleri arasında farklılıklar sergilemektedir (20).…”

BRAF mutation in hairy cell leukemia

“…27 , 28 MiRNA expression is altered in cancer. 29 BRAF mutation may lead to a changing expression of several miRNAs with regulatory roles for several oncogenes, including BRAF. In recent years, the relationship between miRNA and a mutation in the BRAF gene with a number of human cancers including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been recognized.…”