The Role of Microbiota in Depression - A Brief Review

Zalar, Bojan; Haslberger, Alexander; Peterlin, Borut

doi:10.24869/psyd.2018.136

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Together these findings reinforce the concept that DP can have either a positive or a negative impact on the CNS by regulating critical neurotransmitters implicated in psychiatric disorders, such as depression (Wallace and Milev, 2017; Zalar et al, 2018).…”

Section: Linking Microbiome and Neuronal Signaling: Mechanistic Evidencesupporting

confidence: 79%

Stress, Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mini-Review

et al. 2019

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According to the World Health Organization, an unhealthy diet and insufficient physical activity are the leading global risks to health. Dietary behavior is a modifiable factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Furthermore, the fact that cardiovascular events and stress-related emotional disorders share a common epidemiology may indicate the existence of pathways linking these two diseases (Chauvet-Gelinier and Bonin, 2017). Psychosocial stress can lead to changes in dietary patterns (DP) and under chronic stress conditions, high caloric and hyperpalatable foods are preferred. The interplay between these two factors impacts on several biological pathways: for example, it can prime the hippocampus to produce a potentiated neuroinflammatory response, generating memory deficits; it can also affect gut microbiota composition, ultimately influencing behavior and brain health and creating a predisposition to the development of diseases such as obesity, CVD, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Though both cognition and emotion can be heavily affected by caloric intake, diet composition and stress, the molecular pathways involved remain elusive (Spencer et al., 2017). In this review, we describe the interplay between stress and DP at a molecular level, and how these factors relate to brain health and mental fitness. Finally, we show how these findings could give rise to novel therapeutic targets for chronic diseases.

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Section: Linking Microbiome and Neuronal Signaling: Mechanistic Evidencesupporting

confidence: 79%

Stress, Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mini-Review

et al. 2019

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“…Considering the important roles of gut microbiotaderived metabolites in microbiota-host crosstalk in the brain function and behavior, we further chose key metabolites with available GWAS, including propionic acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), serotonin, GABA, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), betaine, choline, and carnitine. These gut microbial metabolites play crucial roles in maintaining a healthy neuropsychiatric function, and if dysregulated, potentially causally linked to neuropsychiatric disorders according to previous studies [3,24,25]. We searched PubMed for GWASs of the gut metabolites and leveraged summary-level data from a recent GWAS of the human metabolome conducted among 2076 participants of the Framingham Heart Study ( Table 1) [20].…”

Section: Gut Microbial Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between gut microbiota and Alzheimer’s disease, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia

Zhuang

Rui-xia

Wang

et al. 2020

J Neuroinflammation

109

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Background Growing evidence has shown that alterations in the gut microbiota composition were associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. However, whether such associations reflect causality remains unknown. We aimed to reveal the causal relationships among gut microbiota, metabolites, and neuropsychiatric disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ). Methods A two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis was performed by using genetic variants from genome-wide association studies as instrumental variables for gut microbiota, metabolites, AD, MDD, and SCZ, respectively. Results We found suggestive associations of host-genetic-driven increase in Blautia (OR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.79–0.99; P = 0.028) and elevated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (0.96; 0.92–1.00; P = 0.034), a downstream product of Blautia-dependent arginine metabolism, with a lower risk of AD. Genetically increased Enterobacteriaceae family and Enterobacteriales order were potentially associated with a higher risk of SCZ (1.09; 1.00–1.18; P = 0.048), while Gammaproteobacteria class (0.90; 0.83–0.98; P = 0.011) was related to a lower risk for SCZ. Gut production of serotonin was potentially associated with an increased risk of SCZ (1.07; 1.00–1.15; P = 0.047). Furthermore, genetically increased Bacilli class was related to a higher risk of MDD (1.07; 1.02–1.12; P = 0.010). In the other direction, neuropsychiatric disorders altered gut microbiota composition. Conclusions These data for the first time provide evidence of potential causal links between gut microbiome and AD, MDD, and SCZ. GABA and serotonin may play an important role in gut microbiota-host crosstalk in AD and SCZ, respectively. Further investigations in understanding the underlying mechanisms of associations between gut microbiota and AD, MDD, and SCZ are required.

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“…Animal studies in rats show changes in mood were associated with gut microbiome alterations [91]. There is increasing evidence of the association between changes in the GM and depression [92][93][94][95] (Table 1). Several cross-sectional studies in human subjects have shown the relationship of microbial dysbiosis with major depression when compared to healthy controls (Table 2).…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbes in neurocognitive and mental health disorders

Halverson

Alagiakrishnan

2020

Annals of Medicine

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Introduction: As individuals age, the prevalence of neurocognitive and mental health disorders increases. Current biomedical treatments do not completely address the management of these conditions. Despite new pharmacological therapy the challenges of managing these diseases remain.There is increasing evidence that the Gut Microbiome (GM) and microbial dysbiosis contribute to some of the more prevalent mental health and neurocognitive disorders, such as depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BP), and dementia as well as the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Methodology: Scoping review about the effect of gut microbiota on neurocognitive and mental health disorders. Results: This scoping review found there is an evolving evidence of the involvement of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of neurocognitive and mental health disorders. This manuscript also discusses how the psychotropics used to treat these conditions may have an antimicrobial effect on GM, and the potential for new strategies of management with probiotics and faecal transplantation. Conclusions: This understanding can open up the need for a gut related approach in these disorders as well as unlock the door for the role of gut related microbiota management. KEY MESSAGES Challenges of managing mental health conditions remain in spite of new pharmacological therapy. Gut dysbiosis is seen in various mental health conditions. Various psychotropic medications can have an influence on the gut microbiota by their antimicrobial effect.

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The Role of Microbiota in Depression - A Brief Review

Cited by 45 publications

References 37 publications

Stress, Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mini-Review

Stress, Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mini-Review

Associations between gut microbiota and Alzheimer’s disease, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia

Gut microbes in neurocognitive and mental health disorders

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