The role of meta-cognitive certainty on the relationship between identity fusion and endorsement of extreme pro-group behavior

Paredes, Borja; Santos, David; Briñol, Pablo; Gómez, Ángel; Petty, Richard E.

doi:10.1080/15298868.2019.1681498

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Beyond their ease of use and efficiency, we suggest including confidence measures as a potential moderator of the effects of any other mental constructs. In accord with prior research (Paredes et al, 2020(Paredes et al, , 2021Shoots-Reinhard et al, 2015) metacognitive confidence measures, which are relevant with regards to performance in academic settings (Stankov & Lee, 2008;Stankov et al, 2012), can increase the predictive validity of any mental content, including not only thoughts about exams and self-relevant thoughts, but also any other mental construct potentially examined in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Metacognitive Confidence Can Increase but Also Decrease Performance in Academic Settings

Moreno

Briñol

Petty

2021

Metacognition Learning

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The present research examined the role of metacognitive confidence in understanding to what extent people’s valenced thoughts guide their performance in academic settings. First, students were asked to engage in positive or negative thinking about exams in their major area of study (Study 1) or about themselves (Studies 2 and 3). The valence of these primary cognitions was manipulated to be positive or negative. Furthermore, a metacognitive variable, the perceived validity of the primary cognitions, was measured or varied to be relatively high or low. Finally, performance was assessed using a knowledge test (Study 1), a geometric shapes task (Study 2) or a selection of questions from the Graduate Record Examination (Study 3). In accordance with self-validation theory, we predicted and found that metacognitive confidence (relative to doubt) increased the impact of primary cognitions on performance. When thoughts were positive, increased confidence in the primary cognitions improved performance. However, when thoughts were negative, the same confidence validated the negative primary cognitions and reduced performance. Thus, metacognitive confidence can lead to opposite findings on performance depending on whether it validates performance-relevant positive thoughts or negative thoughts. Variations in the perceived validity of thoughts mediated the obtained effects. Therefore, we conclude that understanding the process of thought validation can help in specifying why and when metacognitive confidence is likely to work or to backfire in producing the desired performance effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Metacognitive Confidence Can Increase but Also Decrease Performance in Academic Settings

Moreno

Briñol

Petty

2021

Metacognition Learning

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“…As hypothesized, measured trait aggressiveness was found to predict aggressive behavior to a greater extent when participants were more confident in the validity of their reported trait aggressiveness. In addition to trait aggressiveness, assessing confidence in scale responses has enhanced the predictive utility of measures of political ideology (Shoots-Reinhard et al, 2015; Vitriol et al, 2019) as well as identity fusion with various groups (e.g., one’s country; Paredes et al, 2020), and standardized measures predicting impulsive behavior (Paredes et al, 2021).…”

Section: Applications and New Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-validation theory: An integrative framework for understanding when thoughts become consequential.

Briñol¹,

Petty²

2022

Psychological Review

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Self-validation theory (SVT) is introduced and presented as a series of six postulates. The core notion of SVT is that thoughts become more consequential for judgment and action as the perceived validity of the thoughts is increased. Instead of focusing on the objective accuracy of thoughts, self-validation research focuses on a subjective sense that one’s thoughts are valid or appropriate to use. People come to rely on any thought more when they perceive that thought is likely to be true (cognitive validation) or because they feel good about the thought (affective validation). Perceptions of thought validity are influenced by thought-relevant as well as incidental factors (e.g., one’s moods, sense of ease), and the impact of these factors can vary with their meaning. Individual and situational factors moderate when people rely on their assessments of validity and what thoughts are salient to validate. In short, SVT is a comprehensive and integrative framework from which to examine the use of thoughts across many seemingly diverse variables, outcomes, and domains in psychology. The theory is also relevant to understanding judgments in numerous applied contexts. By identifying moderators and mediators of thought validation processes and outcomes, SVT is capable of specifying when and why many different variables have an impact on judgments and actions.

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“…Other research has shown that the relationship between identity fusion and extreme pro‐group behavior is stronger under high compared to low physical arousal conditions (Swann, Gómez, Dovidio, et al., 2010; Swann, Gómez, Huici, et al., 2010). Third the relationship is stronger when participants express certainty in their responses to the fusion scale (Paredes et al,2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the predictive validity of identity fusion in leading to sacrifice by considering the extremity of the situation

Paredes

Briñol

Petty

et al. 2021

Euro J Social Psych

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Identity fusion is a strong feeling of connectedness that is capable of predicting willingness to self‐sacrifice. The current research explores whether considering the extremity of the situation improves the ability of identity fusion to predict willingness to engage in life self‐sacrifice. Participants first reported their level of identity fusion with a value (Study 1) or with their country (Study 2). Then, participants were randomly assigned to engage in an extreme versus non‐extreme situation of sacrifice for the value (Study 1) or for their country (Study 2). These two variables (identity fusion and situation extremity) were used to predict willingness to self‐sacrifice. Situation extremity moderated the effects of fusion on willingness to self‐sacrifice, with greater consistency between fusion and sacrifice obtained for extreme versus non‐extreme situations. In conclusion, taking into consideration the extremity of the situation can be useful to predict the association between identity fusion and willingness to self‐sacrifice.

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The role of meta-cognitive certainty on the relationship between identity fusion and endorsement of extreme pro-group behavior

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

Metacognitive Confidence Can Increase but Also Decrease Performance in Academic Settings

Metacognitive Confidence Can Increase but Also Decrease Performance in Academic Settings

Self-validation theory: An integrative framework for understanding when thoughts become consequential.

Increasing the predictive validity of identity fusion in leading to sacrifice by considering the extremity of the situation

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