The Role of Maternal Diet and Iron-folic Acid Supplements in Influencing Birth Weight: Evidence from India's National Family Health Survey

Malhotra, Nisha; Upadhyay, Ravi Prakash; Bhilwar, Meenakshi; Choy, Nicholas; Green, Timothy

doi:10.1093/tropej/fmu051

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The effect of the intake of vitamins during pregnancy should not be assessed in isolation; the intake of vitamins rich food possibly has an additional role to the strictly metabolic effect of the vitamin and cannot be replaced by complex multivitamin [ 57 ].…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Vitamin Intake during Pregnancy and Risk of Small for Gestational Age

et al. 2017

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Pregnancy increases the requirements of certain nutrients, such as vitamins, to provide nutrition for the newborn. The aim was to analyze the association between dietary intake of vitamins during pregnancy and risk of having a small for gestational age (SGA) newborn. A matched case-control study was conducted (518 cases and 518 controls of pregnant women) in Spain. Dietary vitamin intake during pregnancy was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, categorized into quintiles. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with conditional regression logistic models. A protective association was observed between maternal dietary intake of vitamins A and D and SGA. For vitamin B3 and B6, the observed protective effect was maintained after adjusting for potential confounding factors. For vitamin B9, we found only an effect in quintiles 3 and 4 (OR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41–1.00; OR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37–0.91). Protective effect for vitamin B12 was observed in 4th and 5th quintiles (OR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39–0.95; OR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.43–1.04). No associations were detected between dietary intake of vitamins B2, E and C intake and SGA. Our results suggest a positive association between dietary vitamin intake during pregnancy and the weight of the newborn, although more studies are necessary and there could be a ceiling effect for higher intakes of some vitamins cannot be discarded.

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Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Vitamin Intake during Pregnancy and Risk of Small for Gestational Age

et al. 2017

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“…Around 20% of Indian babies are born with LBW despite the mandatory iron and folate supplementation to all pregnant Indian mothers. 28 Minerals like Mg and Zn are deficient among Indian women 29 and Mg, Zn, Mn, and Cr modulate insulin, 30 the sole anabolic hormone that regulates macronutrient metabolism and is vital for fetal growth. Therefore, we assessed next, the effect of maternal dietary restriction of these minerals singly as per the study protocol presented in ►Fig.…”

Section: Our Studies In Rat and Mice Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Maternal Micronutrient Deficiencies Program the Body Composition and Behavior of the Offspring? Probable Underlying Mechanisms

Kalle

Ghosh

Thomas

et al. 2019

Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India)

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Obesity and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes are epidemic in India. Developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis, based on epidemiological evidence, associates maternal undernutrition and low birth weight (LBW) of the offspring with increased obesity and diabetes in their later life. Considering widespread maternal micronutrient (MN) deficiencies, LBW, and NCDs in India, we tested the hypothesis, “maternal MN deficiency per se programs the offspring for obesity and increases risk for NCDs in their later life” in rodent models. We showed in Wistar rat offspring that maternal MN (single or combined) deficiency per se: (1) increased body fat (visceral fat) and altered lipid metabolism, (2) decreased lean body and fat free mass, and (3) altered muscle function and altered glucose tolerance/metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Rehabilitation prevented vitamin but not mineral restriction-induced changes in offspring, which showed partial mitigation. Increased oxidative/steroid stress, decreased antioxidant status, and inflammatory state were the associated common mechanisms in the offspring. Our attempts to assess the role of epigenetics showed that folate and/or vitamin B12 deficiencies altered mother’s body composition besides that of the offspring. Additionally, in C57BL/6 mice, B12 deficiency-induced anxiety was observed in mothers and offspring. That expressions of histone modifying enzymes in mice brain and promoter methylation of adiponectin, leptin, and 11βHSD1 genes in rat offspring were altered in MN (B12 and Mg) deficiency suggested that altered epigenetics most likely plays a role in maternal MN deficiency-induced changes in body fat/lipid metabolism and anxiety-like behavior in mothers and offspring.

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“…Women should have a sufficient diet, in terms of both quality and quantity, before and after conception to maintain replete nutrient stores that can sustain themselves and their children. Adequate diet during the preconception period and pregnancy reduces the risk of adverse maternal and newborn outcomes such as low birthweight, stillbirth, preterm, and impaired cognitive and motor development [8,9].…”

Section: Importance Of Nutrition In Women and Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of integrated nutrition-sensitive interventions on nutrition and health of children and women in rural Tanzania: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial

et al. 2018

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Background: Nutrition-sensitive interventions such as homestead production of diverse, nutrient-rich foods, coupled with behavior change communication, may have positive effects on the nutritional status and health of rural households engaged in agriculture, particularly among women and young children. Engagement of agriculture and health extension workers in these communities may be an effective way of delivering nutrition-sensitive interventions given the dearth of trained health care providers in many developing countries. This study aims to assess the effects of integrated homestead food production, food consumption and women's empowerment interventions using a multi-sectoral approach on women's and child's health and nutrition. Methods: This is a cluster-randomized community-based prospective study set in Rufiji district, a rural area in Eastern Tanzania. Ten randomly selected villages within the Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) in Eastern-Tanzania were paired and randomly assigned to the intervention or control arm. The Rufiji HDSS dataset was used to randomly sample households with women of reproductive age and children 6-36 months. The intervention includes provision of small agricultural inputs, garden training support, and nutrition and health counseling. This is delivered by community health workers and agriculture extension workers through home visits and farmer field schools. There are three time points for data collection: baseline, midline, and endline. Primary outcomes are women's and children's dietary diversity, maternal and child anemia status and growth (child stunting, child wasting, women's BMI, and women and child hemoglobin). Discussion: This integrated agriculture and nutrition intervention among rural farming households is a simple and innovative solution that may contribute to the reduction of undernutrition and disease burden among women and children in developing countries. Engaging already existing workforce in the community may facilitate sustainability of the intervention package. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03311698, Retrospectively registered on October 17, 2017.

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The Role of Maternal Diet and Iron-folic Acid Supplements in Influencing Birth Weight: Evidence from India's National Family Health Survey

Abstract: Improved intake of micronutrient-rich foods can increase birth weight.

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Association between Vitamin Intake during Pregnancy and Risk of Small for Gestational Age

Association between Vitamin Intake during Pregnancy and Risk of Small for Gestational Age

Do Maternal Micronutrient Deficiencies Program the Body Composition and Behavior of the Offspring? Probable Underlying Mechanisms

The impact of integrated nutrition-sensitive interventions on nutrition and health of children and women in rural Tanzania: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial

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