The role of mass spectrometry in vitamin D research

Abstract

1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 is the active metabolite of vitamin D3, and has been found to play important roles in mineral balance and immunological regulation. Recently, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 and similar synthetic analogs in development have been found to possess potential therapeutic values in the treatment of proliferative diseases, including leukemia, breast cancer, and psoriasis. Current methods for the analysis of these compounds may either lack the necessary sensitivity (i.e., UV detection) or specificity (i.e., receptor binding assay). In addition, the synthetic analogs developed to date have not been found to uniformly bind with receptors in binding assays, a property that may render them to be difficult for measurement at the trace levels. Methods utilizing mass spectrometry (MS) have been used for either structural identification or quantification. Electron impact ionization has been the technique of choice for structural analysis, whereas newer ionization techniques have been utilized for the quantification of metabolites, often in conjunction with on‐line separation. In this review, MS and non‐MS based methods for vitamin D analysis will be discussed, with an emphasis on the former. Historical perspectives, the present state, and the future role of MS in vitamin D research will be discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 1-Alpha-Hydroxylase Gene Maps to the Pseudovitamin D-Deficiency Rickets (PDDR) Disease Locus

“…3A, 3B, and 3D). 19 The diagnostic fragment ions are those of m/z 134, 152, 209, and 417 19. These can be detected in the MALDI‐TOF spectrum of authentic 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 as m/z 133.7 (Fig.…”

Vitamin D in plants: a review of occurrence, analysis, and biosynthesis

“…Sterols are typically measured by gas chromatography (GC) as trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivates (Piironen et al, 2000), which are detected either by flame ionization detection (FID) (Phillips et al, 2005; Brufau et al, 2006; Liu et al, 2007) or MS (Toivo et al, 2001; Nyström et al, 2007). GC was also the first chromatography principle used to replace the biological assay for analysis of vitamin D (Bell and Christie, 1973), but while GC is a good separation method for sterols it is not the best choice for vitamin D. Vitamin D undergoes thermal cyclization in a GC split/splitless injector (>125°C) resulting in formation of the corresponding pyro and isopyro compounds with a concomitant decrease in sensitivity (Yeung and Vouros, 1995). However, early studies did use GC for identification of vitamin D 3 in plants (Rambeck et al, 1979; Suardi et al, 1994).…”

Significance of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma

“…Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) is the main analytical tool used in the qualitative characterization of vitamin D metabolites after HPLC isolation (Yeung & Vouros, 1995; Reddy, Rao et al, 2000; Brown, Ritter et al, 2005; Rhieu, Annalora et al, 2011). Electron ionization (EI), the classic ionization technique used in GC‐MS, remains the most widely used ionization method.…”