The role of marsh‐dominated heterotrophic continental margins in transport of CO2 between the atmosphere, the land‐sea interface and the ocean

Cai, Wei‐Jun; Wang, Zhaohui Aleck; Wang, Yongchen

doi:10.1029/2003gl017633

Cited by 135 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Inversely, intense benthic and planktonic CR at high tide in the flat would not necessarily immediately generate an equivalent degassing of CO 2 to the atmosphere, with some of the CO 2 remaining in solution and being exported laterally with the subsequent ebb tide. Such CO 2 outwelling from intertidal systems to adjacent creeks and bays has been observed in many tidal wetlands (Cai et al, 2003;Wang and Cai, 2004;Borges et al, 2003). The September 2007 measurements at Station 2 in the inner part of the flat provide a first and relatively simple scheme for conceptualising NEE dynamics in relation to NEP at the different phases of the day and the tide.…”

Section: Wind Direction and Zostera Noltii Covermentioning

confidence: 79%

Spatial and temporal CO2 exchanges measured by Eddy Covariance over a temperate intertidal flat and their relationships to net ecosystem production

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes were performed over a temperate intertidal mudflat in southwestern France using the micrometeorological Eddy Covariance (EC) technique. EC measurements were carried out in two contrasting sites of the Arcachon flat during four periods and in three different seasons (autumn 2007, summer 2008, autumn 2008 and spring 2009). In addition, satellite images of the tidal flat at low tide were used to link the net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE) with the occupation of the mudflat by primary producers, particularly by Zostera noltii meadows. CO 2 fluxes during the four deployments showed important spatial and temporal variations, with the flat rapidly shifting from sink to source with the tide. Absolute CO 2 fluxes showed generally small negative (influx) and positive (efflux) values, with larger values up to −13 µmol m −2 s −1 for influxes and 19 µmol m −2 s −1 for effluxes. Low tide during the day was mostly associated with a net uptake of atmospheric CO 2 . In contrast, during immersion and during low tide at night, CO 2 fluxes where positive, negative or close to zero, depending on the season and the site. During the autumn of 2007, at the innermost station with a patchy Zostera noltii bed (cover of 22 ± 14 % in the wind direction of measurements), CO 2 influx was −1.7 ± 1.7 µmol m −2 s −1 at low tide during the day, and the efflux was 2.7 ± 3.7 µmol m −2 s −1 at low tide during the night. A gross primary production (GPP) of 4.4 ± 4.1 µmol m −2 s −1 during emersion could be attributed to microphytobenthic communities. During the summer and autumn of 2008, at the central station with a dense eelgrass bed (92 ± 10 %), CO 2 uptakes at low tide during the day were −1.5 ± 1.2 and −0.9 ± 1.7 µmol m −2 s −1 , respectively. Night time effluxes of CO 2 were 1.0 ± 0.9 and 0.2 ± 1.1 µmol m −2 s −1 in summer and autumn, respectively, resulting in a GPP during emersion of 2.5 ± 1.5 and 1.1 ± 2.0 µmol m −2 s −1 , respectively, attributed primarily to the seagrass community. At the same station in April 2009, before Zostera noltii started to grow, the CO 2 uptake at low tide during the day was the highest (-2.7 ± 2.0 µmol m −2 s −1 ). Influxes of CO 2 were also observed during immersion at the central station in spring and early autumn and were apparently related to phytoplankton blooms occurring at the mouth of the flat, followed by the advection of CO 2 -depleted water with the flooding tide.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. P. Polsenaere et al.: Spatial and temporal CO 2 exchanges measured by Eddy CovarianceAlthough winter data as well as water carbon measurements would be necessary to determine a precise CO 2 budget for the flat, our results suggest that tidal flat ecosystems are a modest contributor to the CO 2 budget of the coastal ocean.

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Section: Wind Direction and Zostera Noltii Covermentioning

confidence: 79%

Spatial and temporal CO2 exchanges measured by Eddy Covariance over a temperate intertidal flat and their relationships to net ecosystem production

et al. 2012

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“…Based on observations from the East China Sea, Tsunogai et al (1999) proposed the existence of a global continental shelf pump that theoretically could remove as much as 1 Gt C/yr (+83×10 12 mol C/yr) from the atmosphere, which corresponds to about 15% of the CO 2 released annually from human activities. Opposed to these observations, a recent study from the South Atlantic Bight indicates that this continental shelf region acts as a significant source of CO 2 to the atmosphere (Cai et al, 2003). The authors suggested that extensive export and remineralization of organic matter from nearby salt-marshes could account for this observed flux.…”

Section: Air and Surface Ocean Systemmentioning

confidence: 84%

Past and present of sediment and carbon biogeochemical cycling models

2004

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Abstract. The global carbon cycle is part of the much more extensive sedimentary cycle that involves large masses of carbon in the Earth's inner and outer spheres. Studies of the carbon cycle generally followed a progression in knowledge of the natural biological, then chemical, and finally geological processes involved, culminating in a more or less integrated picture of the biogeochemical carbon cycle by the 1920s. However, knowledge of the ocean's carbon cycle behavior has only within the last few decades progressed to a stage where meaningful discussion of carbon processes on an annual to millennial time scale can take place. In geologically older and pre-industrial time, the ocean was generally a net source of CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere owing to the mineralization of land-derived organic matter in addition to that produced in situ and to the process of CaCO 3 precipitation. Due to rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations because of fossil fuel combustion and land use changes, the direction of the air-sea CO 2 flux has reversed, leading to the ocean as a whole being a net sink of anthropogenic CO 2 . The present thickness of the surface ocean layer, where part of the anthropogenic CO 2 emissions are stored, is estimated as of the order of a few hundred meters. The oceanic coastal zone net air-sea CO 2 exchange flux has also probably changed during industrial time. Model projections indicate that in preindustrial times, the coastal zone may have been net heterotrophic, releasing CO 2 to the atmosphere from the imbalance between gross photosynthesis and total respiration. This, coupled with extensive CaCO 3 precipitation in coastal zone environments, led to a net flux of CO 2 out of the system. During industrial time the coastal zone ocean has tended to reverse its trophic status toward a non-steady state situation of net autotrophy, resulting in net uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 and storage of carbon in the coastal ocean, despite the significant calcification that still occurs in this region. FurCorrespondence to: A. Lerman (alerman@northwestern.edu) thermore, evidence from the inorganic carbon cycle indicates that deposition and net storage of CaCO 3 in sediments exceed inflow of inorganic carbon from land and produce CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere. In the shallow-water coastal zone, increase in atmospheric CO 2 during the last 300 years of industrial time may have reduced the rate of calcification, and continuation of this trend is an issue of serious environmental concern in the global carbon balance.

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“…In recent years, detailed field studies of CO 2 fluxes have taken place in a few areas, such as the East China Sea, northwest European Shelf, Baltic Sea, and North Sea (Chen and Wang, 1999;Frankignoulle and Borges, 2001;Borges and Frankignoulle, 2002;Borges et al, 2003). However, only limited information about these CO 2 fluxes is available on a global scale (Liu et al, 2000b, a;Cai et al, 2003;Chen et al, 2003;Omstedt et al, 2009;Norman et al, 2013b).…”

Section: G Parard Et Al: Air-sea Co 2 Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO2 exchange in the Baltic Sea

et al. 2017

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Abstract. In this article, we present the first climatological map of air-sea CO 2 flux over the Baltic Sea based on remote sensing data: estimates of pCO 2 derived from satellite imaging using self-organizing map classifications along with class-specific linear regressions (SOMLO methodology) and remotely sensed wind estimates. The estimates have a spatial resolution of 4 km both in latitude and longitude and a monthly temporal resolution from 1998 to 2011. The CO 2 fluxes are estimated using two types of wind products, i.e. reanalysis winds and satellite wind products, the higher-resolution wind product generally leading to higher-amplitude flux estimations.Furthermore, the CO 2 fluxes were also estimated using two methods: the method of Wanninkhof et al.

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The role of marsh‐dominated heterotrophic continental margins in transport of CO₂ between the atmosphere, the land‐sea interface and the ocean

Cited by 135 publications

References 26 publications

Spatial and temporal CO<sub>2</sub> exchanges measured by Eddy Covariance over a temperate intertidal flat and their relationships to net ecosystem production

Spatial and temporal CO<sub>2</sub> exchanges measured by Eddy Covariance over a temperate intertidal flat and their relationships to net ecosystem production

Past and present of sediment and carbon biogeochemical cycling models

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Baltic Sea

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The role of marsh‐dominated heterotrophic continental margins in transport of CO2 between the atmosphere, the land‐sea interface and the ocean

Cited by 135 publications

References 26 publications

Spatial and temporal CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchanges measured by Eddy Covariance over a temperate intertidal flat and their relationships to net ecosystem production

Spatial and temporal CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchanges measured by Eddy Covariance over a temperate intertidal flat and their relationships to net ecosystem production

Past and present of sediment and carbon biogeochemical cycling models

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange in the Baltic Sea

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The role of marsh‐dominated heterotrophic continental margins in transport of CO₂ between the atmosphere, the land‐sea interface and the ocean

Spatial and temporal CO<sub>2</sub> exchanges measured by Eddy Covariance over a temperate intertidal flat and their relationships to net ecosystem production

Spatial and temporal CO<sub>2</sub> exchanges measured by Eddy Covariance over a temperate intertidal flat and their relationships to net ecosystem production

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Baltic Sea