The Role of Magnesium in Immunity

Kubenam, Karen S.

doi:10.1300/j053v02n03_07

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The positive correlations between Mg and IL-4 in our study substantiate the possibility that magnesium deficiency may affect antibody synthesis due to impaired signal to B cells by activated T helper cells [62]. Information on the inter-relationship between trace elements, cytokines and immune activation is limited to HIV-1 infection only [35], while there is hardly any such information available in HBV and HCV infections.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Trace Element Levels, Cytokine Profile and Immune Activation Status in Plasma among Repeat Blood Donors with Asymptomatic HIV-1, HBV and HCV Infection

Verghese¹,

Singh²,

Chattopadhya³

2017

JBM

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Imbalance of essential trace elements viz. Zinc, Selenium, Iron, Copper and Magnesium has been reported to influence disease course in HIV-1, HBV and HCV infections by altering immune status. A study was taken up to examine plasma levels of Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) categories of cytokines and immune activation markers (TNF-α, TNFR I and TNFR II) in an asymptomatic group of HIV-1, HBV and HCV infected blood donors in relation to trace elements. Plasma levels of Zn, Se and Mg were depressed in all the three groups of blood donors (P < 0.001 for all). Levels of Cu and Fe were depressed in HIV-1 infection (P < 0.001 for both), but elevated in HBV and HCV infections (P < 0.015 and < 0.001 for Cu and < 0.001 for Fe in case of HBV and HCV infections respectively). IL-2 and IFN-γ were depressed in all the three groups of blood donors (P < 0.001). IL-4 and IL-10 levels were elevated in HBV and HCV infections (P < 0.001 for both). Immune activation markers were elevated in all the three groups of blood donors (P < 0.001 for all). HIV-1 infection showed positive correlations between Cu and IL-2, Zn and IFN-γ, and in HBV infection while positive correlations were found between Mg and TNFR I and TNFR II and Se with TNFR II. HCV infection showed a positive correlation between Se and IFN-γ (P < 0.001), Mg and IL-4 (P = 0.02), Fe and IL-10 (P < 0.01). The present study reveals possible relationship between trace element level alterations and alterations in cytokine and immune activation levels in HIV-1, HBV and HCV infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Trace Element Levels, Cytokine Profile and Immune Activation Status in Plasma among Repeat Blood Donors with Asymptomatic HIV-1, HBV and HCV Infection

Verghese¹,

Singh²,

Chattopadhya³

2017

JBM

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“…It is important to note that Mg is vital in acquired immunity by regulating lymphocyte growth [ 147 ], and function [ 152 ]. Low levels of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and their defective activation are due to the decreased Mg influx, which does not activate PLCγ [ 153 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium Status and Ca/Mg Ratios in a Series of Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases

et al. 2022

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Magnesium (Mg) is an essential divalent cation involved in various enzymatic reactions that regulate vital biological functions. The main goal was to evaluate Mg status and its association with nutritional indicators in 78 children and adolescents with chronic diseases. We assessed anthropometric, biochemical, diet, body composition, and bone densitometry valuations. Serum Mg and Ca levels were determined using the standardized method and diet calcium (Ca) and Mg consumption by a prospective 72 h diet survey. Mean serum Ca (9.9 mg/dL), Mg (2.08 mg/dL) dietary Ca (102% DRI: Dietary Reference Intake), and Mg intake (105% DRI) were normal. A total of 45% had hypomagnesemia, 12% had hypermagnesemia, and 26% and 24% had inadequate and high Mg intake, respectively. Only 6% of patients had poor Mg intake and hypomagnesemia, and 54% and 90% of our series had an elevated serum Ca/Mg ratio > 4.70 (mean 4.79) and a low Ca/Mg intake ratio < 1.70 (mean 1.06), respectively. Both Ca/Mg ratios were linked with the risk of developing other chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, syndrome metabolic, and even several cancers. Therefore, 79% of children and adolescents with chronic diseases were at elevated risk of having abnormal Mg status and developing other chronic illnesses.

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“…Mg 2? has an important role in synthesizing and releasing immune cells and other associated processes like cell adhesion and phagocytosis (Kubena 1994). Besides, it acts as a cofactor for the synthesis of immunoglobulin, CI 3 convertase, antibody-dependent cytolysis, macrophage responses to lymphocyte, IgM lymphocyte binding, T helper B cell adherence, substance P binding with lymphoblast, and binding of antigen to macrophage (Galland 1988;Laires and Fig.…”

Section: Role Of Magnesium In Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, Mg 2? is an important factor for optimum immune cell functioning by regulating the proliferation and function of lymphocytes (Kubena 1994). In vitro studies also prove the role of magnesium in reducing leukocyte activation through its calcium antagonistic action (Laires and Monteiro 2008).…”

Section: Role Of Magnesium In Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Magnesium’-the master cation-as a drug—possibilities and evidences

Mathew

Panonnummal

2021

Biometals

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Magnesium (Mg 2? ) is the 2nd most abundant intracellular cation, which participates in various enzymatic reactions; there by regulating vital biological functions. Magnesium (Mg 2? ) can regulate several cations, including sodium, potassium, and calcium; it consequently maintains physiological functions like impulse conduction, blood pressure, heart rhythm, and muscle contraction. But, it doesn't get much attention in account with its functions, making it a ''Forgotten cation''. Like other cations, maintenance of the normal physiological level of Mg 2? is important. Its deficiency is associated with various diseases, which point out to the importance of Mg 2? as a drug. The roles of Mg 2? such as natural calcium antagonist, glutamate NMDA receptor blocker, vasodilator, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent are responsible for its therapeutic benefits. Various salts of Mg 2? are currently in clinical use, but their application is limited. This review collates all the possible mechanisms behind the behavior of magnesium as a drug at different disease conditions with clinical shreds of evidence. Keywords Magnesium Á Calcium antagonist Á Hypomagnesemia Á NMDA blocker Á Forgotten cation Á Vasodilator Abbreviations ACE Angiotensin converting enzyme AD Alzheimer's disease (AD) ALP Alkaline phosphatase ALT Aminotransferase AMPA a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4isoxazolepropionic acid APP Amyloid precursor protein AST Aspartate aminotransferase ATP Adenosine triphosphate BBB Blood brain barrier BMD Bone mineral density BMP2 Bone morphogenetic protein 2 BP Blood pressure cAMP Cyclic Adenosine mono phosphate CAD Coronary arytery diseases CFTR Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CGRP Calcitonin gene related peptide CHF Congestive heart Failure Claudin CLDN CNS Central nervous system CSD Cortical spreading depression CSF Cerebrospinal fluid CTF b C terminal fragment b CVD Cardiovascular diseases

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The Role of Magnesium in Immunity

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Trace Element Levels, Cytokine Profile and Immune Activation Status in Plasma among Repeat Blood Donors with Asymptomatic HIV-1, HBV and HCV Infection

Trace Element Levels, Cytokine Profile and Immune Activation Status in Plasma among Repeat Blood Donors with Asymptomatic HIV-1, HBV and HCV Infection

Magnesium Status and Ca/Mg Ratios in a Series of Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases

‘Magnesium’-the master cation-as a drug—possibilities and evidences

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