The role of magnesium in different inflammatory diseases

Shahi, Abbas; Aslani, Saeed; Ataollahi, Mohammadreza; Mahmoudi, Mahdi

doi:10.1007/s10787-019-00603-7

Cited by 60 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…It is possibly due to an indirect association with other factors, as olive oil per se does not contribute any significant concentrations of magnesium. It is known that magnesium deficiency causes inflammatory and oxidative stress [1,2] and that, in turn, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidizing effect of virgin olive oil could mimic the protective effect of plasma magnesium, contributing to the observed higher levels. Until now, no studies have been published on whether virgin olive oil may be associated with higher levels of plasma magnesium and despite the results obtained, we are aware of the small number of individuals in our study, so it will be necessary to undertake these analyses in populations with a greater number of participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnesium is considered as an essential mineral for the functioning of the organism, participating in approximately 80% of known metabolic functions [1] and playing both structural and regulatory roles in the organism [1,2]. It has been estimated that it is the fourth most abundant cation in the whole body and the second at the intracellular level [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, further studies are required on different populations in order to better understand those associations as well as the demographic and lifestyle factors associated with plasma magnesium concentrations. Hence, the objectives of our study were as follows: (1) to analyze plasma magnesium concentrations in a Mediterranean population and to investigate the influence of sex, age, urinary magnesium, tobacco smoking and adherence to the Mediterranean diet on those concentrations; and (2) to study the association between plasma magnesium concentrations and various cardiovascular risk phenotypes including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma lipid concentrations, fasting plasma glucose, type-2 diabetes, plasma creatinine, uric acid and aspartate aminotransferase in this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Demographic and Lifestyle Variables on Plasma Magnesium Concentrations and Their Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population

et al. 2020

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Several studies have shown that a low magnesium (Mg) intake in the diet is associated with greater cardiovascular risk and greater risk of diabetes. However, the results are not consistent in all populations. To minimize the biases derived from diet measurement, more objective biomarkers of magnesium status have been proposed. Although there is still no ideal biomarker for Mg, several studies have shown that plasma Mg concentrations could be a relatively acceptable biomarker for cardiovascular risk assessment. However, further studies are required to better characterize this marker in different populations. Our aim was to analyze the association between plasma Mg concentrations (measured through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) methods, and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals from a general Mediterranean population (aged 18–80 years). The influence of demographic and lifestyle variables, including adherence to the Mediterranean diet, on plasma Mg concentrations was analyzed. The mean Mg level of the population studied was 0.77 ± 0.08 mmol/L, the prevalence of hypomagnesemia (<0.70 mmol/L) being 18.6%. We did not find any statistically significant differences between plasma Mg concentrations and sex, age, tobacco smoking and total adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p > 0.05). We found a statistically significant association between plasma Mg concentrations and the prevalence of type-2 diabetes (0.77 ± 0.08 mmol/L in non-diabetics versus 0.73 ± 0.13 mmol/L in diabetics; p = 0.009). Despite the low prevalence of type-2 diabetes in this population (11.24% in subjects with hypomagnesemia versus 3.91%, in normomagnesemia; p = 0.005), hypomagnesemia was associated with greater odds of being diabetic in comparison with normomagnesemia (OR = 3.36; p = 0.016, even after adjustment for sex, age, obesity, and medications). On the other hand, no statistically significant association of plasma Mg concentrations with obesity, hypertension, fasting triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol or uric acid was found. However, in contrast to what was initially expected, a statistically significant association was found between plasma Mg concentrations (basically in the highest quartile) and greater total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results contribute to increasing the evidence gathered by numerous studies on the inverse association between hypomagnesemia and type-2 diabetes, as well as to the observation, previously reported in some studies, of a direct association with hypercholesterolemia. This paradoxical link should be deeply investigated in further studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Demographic and Lifestyle Variables on Plasma Magnesium Concentrations and Their Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population

et al. 2020

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“…Magnesium functions as a second messenger molecule in many inflammatory processes [47] and is essential in a few hundred enzymatic reactions [47,48]. A normal range of serum magnesium levels is 0.7-1.07 mmol/L (or 1.7-2.6 mg/dL).…”

Section: Ppi Use Is Associated With Low Magnesium Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A normal range of serum magnesium levels is 0.7-1.07 mmol/L (or 1.7-2.6 mg/dL). Magnesium is mostly stored in the bone, muscles, and organs, but lower quantities can be found in the extracellular fluid [47,48]. Average magnesium ingestion from most diets is about 300 mg/day of which 100 mg/day is actually absorbed by the intestine [47,48].…”

Section: Ppi Use Is Associated With Low Magnesium Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors May Increase Symptoms of Muscle Function Loss in Patients with Chronic Illnesses

Vinke

Wesselink

Orten-Luiten

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is common in patients with muscle wasting-related chronic diseases. We explored the hypothesis that the use of PPIs may contribute to a reduction in muscle mass and function in these patients. Literature indicates that a PPI-induced reduction in acidity of the gastrointestinal tract can decrease the absorption of, amongst others, magnesium. Low levels of magnesium are associated with impaired muscle function. This unwanted side-effect of PPIs on muscle function has been described in different disease backgrounds. Furthermore, magnesium is necessary for activation of vitamin D. Low vitamin D and magnesium levels together can lead to increased inflammation involved in muscle wasting. In addition, PPI use has been described to alter the microbiota’s composition in the gut, which might lead to increased inflammation. However, PPIs are often provided together with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are anti-inflammatory. In the presence of obesity, additional mechanisms could further contribute to muscle alterations. In conclusion, use of PPIs has been reported to contribute to muscle function loss. Whether this will add to the risk factor for development of muscle function loss in patients with chronic disease needs further investigation.

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Magnesium intake and primary liver cancer incidence and mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

Zhong

Yang

Wang

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Epidemiological studies on magnesium intake and primary liver cancer (PLC) are scarce, and no prospective studies have examined the associations of magnesium intake with PLC incidence and mortality. We sought to clarify whether higher magnesium intake from diet and supplements was associated with lower risks of PLC incidence and mortality in the US population. Magnesium intake from diet and supplements was evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire in a cohort of 104,025 participants. Cox regression was employed to calculate hazard ratios for PLC incidence and competing risk regression was employed to calculate subdistribution hazard ratios for PLC mortality. Restricted cubic spline regression was employed to test nonlinearity. We documented 116 PLC cases during 1,193,513.5 person‐years of follow‐up and 100 PLC deaths during 1,198,021.3 person‐years of follow‐up. Total (diet + supplements) magnesium intake was found to be inversely associated with risks of PLC incidence (hazard ratiotertile 3 vs. 1: 0.44; 95% confidence interval: 0.24, 0.80; ptrend = 0.0065) and mortality (subdistribution hazard ratiotertile 3 vs. 1: 0.37; 95% confidence interval: 0.19, 0.71; ptrend = 0.0008). Similar results were obtained for dietary magnesium intake. Nonlinear inverse dose–response associations with PLC incidence and mortality were observed for both total and dietary magnesium intakes (all pnonlinearity < 0.05). In summary, in the US population, a high magnesium intake is associated with decreased risks of PLC incidence and mortality in a nonlinear dose–response manner. These findings support that increasing the consumption of foods rich in magnesium may be beneficial in reducing PLC incidence and mortality.

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The role of magnesium in different inflammatory diseases

Cited by 60 publications

References 125 publications

Influence of Demographic and Lifestyle Variables on Plasma Magnesium Concentrations and Their Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population

Influence of Demographic and Lifestyle Variables on Plasma Magnesium Concentrations and Their Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population

The Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors May Increase Symptoms of Muscle Function Loss in Patients with Chronic Illnesses

Magnesium intake and primary liver cancer incidence and mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

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