The role of low-frequency rTMS in the superior parietal cortex during time estimation

Manaia, Fernanda; Rocha, Kaline; Marinho, Victor; Magalhães, Francisco; Oliveira, Antonio Thomaz de; Carvalho, Valécia; Araújo, Thalys; Ayres, Carla; Gupta, Daya S.; Velasques, Bruna; Ribeiro, Pedro; Cagy, Maurício; Bastos, Víctor Hugo; Teixeira, Silmar

doi:10.1007/s10072-019-03820-8

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Very few studies have investigated the effect of NIBS targeting sensory structures of the brain. The 10‐20 EEG system is a reliable low‐cost method to reach desired cortical regions to be applied in neuroscience research protocols 28,30 . We combined the previous approach with a neurophysiological technique 29 : Because S1 is closely attached to M1 in posterior direction, we assured the postrolandic localization of rTMS by moving away in a straight line back a couple of centimeers from M1 and by not evoking MEPs or motor twitch with single TMS pulses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…rTMS was applied at an intensity of 90% of the resting motor threshold (RMT) with the main coil axis arranged parallel to the sagittal plane of the skull. As there is still no standard procedure to establish the exact location of the S1 hotspot, 28‐30 we located the S1 hotspot 2 cm behind the primary‐motor‐cortex (M1) hotspot in a straight para‐sagittal line. In our patients (data not shown), this point lies approximately 3.0‐4.0 cm lateral and 1.5‐2.0 cm posterior to Cz in correspondence to the parietal area (P3/P4) of the 10‐20 EEG system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Interventions and Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study using this approach in a 2-week regi- applied in neuroscience research protocols. 28,30 We combined the TA B L E 5 Overall effect of the sensory pathway stimulation strategies on the pharyngeal sensory evoked potentials (SEP) or TRPM8. 13 Another study of our group on older patients (including PS-OD) found that high doses of capsaicinoids (150 µmol/L) immediately improved the OSR and safety of swallow, although some patients complained about the pungency of the stimulant.…”

Section: Central Neurostimulation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short‐term neurophysiological effects of sensory pathway neurorehabilitation strategies on chronic poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia

Cabib

Nascimento

Rofes

et al. 2020

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Background Neurorehabilitation strategies for chronic poststroke (PS) oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) have been mainly focused on the neurostimulation of the pharyngeal motor cortex with only marginal effects. In contrast, treatments targeting the PS oropharyngeal sensory pathway dysfunction offer very promising results, but there is little knowledge on the underlying mechanisms. We aimed to explore the neurophysiological mechanisms behind the effect of three sensory neurostimulation strategies. Methods We carried out a randomized two‐blinded parallel group's crossover sham‐controlled clinical trial in 36 patients with unilateral stroke and chronic unsafe swallow to investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the primary sensory cortex (A), oral capsaicin (B) and intra‐pharyngeal electrical stimulation (IPES; C). The effect was evaluated immediately after the interventions with videofluoroscopy (VFS) and motor/sensory evoked potentials (MEP/SEP). Key Results Interventions induced no changes in the biomechanics of the swallow response during VFS. However, an enhancement of motor cortex excitability (latency shortening and increased size of thenar MEP) was found with active interventions (A + B + C, and B/C alone; P < .05 for all) but not with sham. Active but not sham interventions shortened pharyngeal SEP latency in the ipsilesional hemisphere (A + B + C: P2‐peak, P = .039; A: N2‐peak, P = .034) and antagonized the physiological habituation in pharyngeal MEP (A + B + C and A alone, P < .05 for both). Conclusions and Inferences Sensory pathway neurostimulation strategies caused immediate enhancement of motor cortex excitability with peripheral strategies (capsaicin and IPES) and of pharyngeal sensory conduction with rTMS. These changes support the use of sensory neurorehabilitation strategies in promoting swallow recovery in chronic PS‐OD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%