The role of lovastatin in the attenuation of COVID-19

Karampoor, Sajad; Hesamizadeh, Khashayar; Shams, Zinat; Novin, Arefeh Ghafari; Farahmand, Mohammad; Zahednasab, Hamid; Mirzaei, Rasoul; Zamani, Farhad; Hajibaba, Marzieh; Bouzari, Behnaz; Laali, Azadeh; Tabibzadeh, Alireza; Niya, Mohammad Hadi Karbalaie; Keyvani, Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108192

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“… 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 The establishment of SARS‐CoV‐2 disease relies on a particular interplay between Spike glycoprotein and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (from the host). 7 , 8 , 9 The viral spike protein priming is carried out by the cellular serine protease transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), a cleavage that promotes the fusing of membranes (between viral and cellular membranes) viral propagation in the cells infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. 10 , 11 , 12 This procedure might include human exopeptidase CD26, widely known as Dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 (DPP4), a crucial immunostimulatory component for hijacking and virulence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 , 20 Until recently, the pinpoint significance function of genetic composition in SARS‐CoV‐2 related pathology has been understudied, but pro‐inflammatory‐related processes have been implicated. 8 , 9 , 21 Identifying the host genetic elements implicated in SARS‐CoV‐2 disease might contribute to the emergence of innovative therapeutic approaches for the prophylaxis and clinical monitoring of this disease using a precision medicine strategy. 22 , 23 As there is a paucity of information on genetics and SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenicity, the objectives of this paper were to explore the role of genetic variants and host polymorphisms in specific viral entry and immune responses related to clinical consequences of COVID‐19 in humans to design future clinical implementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fever, sputum production, fatigue, shortness of breath, and cough are the most frequent SARS‐CoV‐2 symptoms 3–6 . The establishment of SARS‐CoV‐2 disease relies on a particular interplay between Spike glycoprotein and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (from the host) 7–9 . The viral spike protein priming is carried out by the cellular serine protease transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), a cleavage that promotes the fusing of membranes (between viral and cellular membranes) viral propagation in the cells infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 10–12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of genetic variants and host polymorphisms on COVID‐19: From viral entrance mechanisms to immunological reactions

Adli

Rahimi

Khodaie

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by a highly pathogenic emerging virus, is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of this virus is in infancy; however, investigation on the pathogenic mechanisms of the SARS‐CoV‐2 is underway. In COVID‐19, one of the most remarkable characteristics is the wide range of disease manifestation and severity seen across individuals of different ethnic backgrounds and geographical locations. To effectively manage COVID‐19 in the populations, beyond SARS‐CoV‐2 detection, serological response assessment, and analytic techniques, it is critical to obtain knowledge about at‐risk individuals and comprehend the identified variations in the disease's severity in general and also in the populations' levels. Several factors can contribute to variation in disease presentation, including population density, gender and age differences, and comorbid circumstances including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. Genetic factors presumably influence SARS‐CoV‐2 infection susceptibility. Besides this, COVID‐19 has also been linked with a higher risk of mortality in men and certain ethnic groups, revealing that host genetic characteristics may affect the individual risk of death. Also, genetic variants involved in pathologic processes, including virus entrance into cells, antiviral immunity, and inflammatory response, are not entirely understood. Regarding SARS‐CoV‐2 infection characteristics, the present review suggests that various genetic polymorphisms influence virus pathogenicity and host immunity, which might have significant implications for understanding and interpreting the matter of genetics in SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenicity and customized integrative medical care based on population investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Role of genetic variants and host polymorphisms on COVID‐19: From viral entrance mechanisms to immunological reactions

Adli

Rahimi

Khodaie

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome—coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2) which leads to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world and has caused many deaths in all countries. Symptoms like fever, dyspnea, cough, malaise, myalgia and arthralgia, anosmia, and ageusia are common in COVID-19 [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. SARS-CoV-2 enters the cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors which are expressed on the smooth muscles of the arterial and venous walls in every organ of the body and explain the possibility of multisystem involvement in COVID-19 [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis after COVID-19: A case report

Karampoor

Afrashteh

Rahmani

et al. 2022

Respiratory Medicine Case Reports

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“…For example, anti-cholesterol medication lovastatin can reduce the level of IL-6. Indeed, it was reported that the COVID-19-related mortality of patients on statin treatment was significantly reduced (Karampoor et al 2021).…”

Section: The Therapeutic Consequences Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmunity, cancer and COVID-19 abnormally activate wound healing pathways: critical role of inflammation

Gál

Brábek

Holub

et al. 2022

Histochem Cell Biol

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Recent evidence indicates that targeting IL-6 provides broad therapeutic approaches to several diseases. In patients with cancer, autoimmune diseases, severe respiratory infections [e.g. coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] and wound healing, IL-6 plays a critical role in modulating the systemic and local microenvironment. Elevated serum levels of IL-6 interfere with the systemic immune response and are associated with disease progression and prognosis. As already noted, monoclonal antibodies blocking either IL-6 or binding of IL-6 to receptors have been used/tested successfully in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, many cancer types, and COVID-19. Therefore, in the present review, we compare the impact of IL-6 and anti-IL-6 therapy to demonstrate common (pathological) features of the studied diseases such as formation of granulation tissue with the presence of myofibroblasts and deposition of new extracellular matrix. We also discuss abnormal activation of other wound-healing-related pathways that have been implicated in autoimmune disorders, cancer or COVID-19.

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The role of lovastatin in the attenuation of COVID-19

Cited by 18 publications

References 77 publications

Role of genetic variants and host polymorphisms on COVID‐19: From viral entrance mechanisms to immunological reactions

Role of genetic variants and host polymorphisms on COVID‐19: From viral entrance mechanisms to immunological reactions

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis after COVID-19: A case report

Autoimmunity, cancer and COVID-19 abnormally activate wound healing pathways: critical role of inflammation

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