The role of liver metabolism in compensatory-growth piglets induced by protein restriction and subsequent protein realimentation

Zhang, Minyang; Hu, Peng; Feng, Dan; Zhu, Yizhi; Shi, Qing; Wang, Jing; Zhu, Weiyun

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106512

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Recently in the literature, there have been several reports on animal compensatory growth after nutritional restriction (Maciel et al, 2017; Ali et al, 2003; Wilson & Osbourn, 1960; Zhang et al, 2021). Research on compensatory growth after environmental restrictions is especially important for aquatic animals due to the particularity of their environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of different density restrictions reveals the potential influence mechanism on the compensatory growth of Litopenaeus vannamei

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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Shrimp nursery rearing technology is increasingly being used by aquatic farmers and enterprises. Determining an appropriate density restriction in order to obtain a greater compensatory growth potential is the key to this technology. Based on the industry standards for indoor shrimp farming, three densities for Litopanaeus vannamei nursery rearing were examined (D1 [control] = 10,000 PL/m3, D3 = 30,000 PL/m3, and D5 = 50,000 PL/m3). The results showed that the D5 group had an over‐compensation growth effect, whereas the D3 group showed a full‐compensation growth effect. A preliminary investigation of the mechanism of compensatory growth was explored. The results showed that during the compensation stage, the SGR (Special Growth Rate) and FCE (Feed Conversion Efficiency) of the D5 group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control. T‐SOD enzyme activity was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from the control. Antioxidants such as CAT, GSH‐PX and MDA all had compensatory changes. In addition, the relative mRNA expression of several genes was measured. The results showed that growth‐related genes (EGFR, MSTN), molting‐related genes (MIH), immune‐related genes (Toll) and digestion‐related genes (α‐amylase) had a relative compensation of mRNA expression. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis of shrimps after different density restrictions in the compensation stage was performed. Totally 237 and 348 differentially expression genes (DEGs) were identified in the D5‐ and D3‐treated shrimps, respectively. In D5‐treated shrimps, DEGs were annotated and grouped into nine processes or pathways related to animal metabolic response. With respect to D3‐treated shrimps, DEGs were mainly annotated to 15 processes or pathways related to animal metabolic response. Therefore, this study provides a basis for the theory and practice of compensatory growth during the nursery rearing of commercial shrimp.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of different density restrictions reveals the potential influence mechanism on the compensatory growth of Litopenaeus vannamei

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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“…Compensatory growth is a physiological phenomenon that occurs when an animal that has undergone a period of nutritional stress is fed ad libitum. Feed restriction during the growing and fattening periods is conducted by reducing the amount of feed or specific nutrients in the diet, as a way to decrease fat in pig carcasses at slaughter, or to stimulate compensatory weight gain in low-birth-weight piglets, improving feed conversion and reducing feed costs [ 62 ]. Providing low amounts of food or nutrients exposes pigs to unnecessary stress.…”

Section: Sources Of Stress In Pig Farm Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Animal Welfare and Antibiotic Use in Pig Farming—A Review

Albernaz-Gonçalves

Antillón

Hötzel

2022

Animals

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Preventative measures, such as biosecurity and vaccinations, are essential but not sufficient to ensure high standards of health in pig production systems. Restrictive, barren housing and many widely used management practices that cause pain and stress predispose high-performance pigs reared in intensive systems to disease. In this context, antibiotics are used as part of the infrastructure that sustains health and high levels of production in pig farms. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global emergency affecting human and animal health, and the use of antibiotics (AMU) in intensive livestock farming is considered an important risk factor for the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria from animals to humans. Tackling the issue of AMR demands profound changes in AMU, e.g., reducing their use for prophylaxis and ending it for growth promotion. In support of such recommendations, we revise the link between animal welfare and AMU and argue that it is crucial to sustainably reduce AMU while ensuring that pigs can live happy lives. In support of such recommendations, we aimed to revise the link between animal welfare and AMU in pigs by analysing stress factors related to housing and management and their impact on pig welfare. In particular, we reviewed critical management practices that increase stress and, therefore, pigs’ susceptibility to disease and reduce the quality of life of pigs. We also reviewed some alternatives that can be adopted in pig farms to improve animal welfare and that go beyond the reduction in stress. By minimising environmental and management stressors, pigs can become more immunocompetent and prepared to overcome pathogenic challenges. This outcome can contribute to reducing AMU and the risk of AMR while simultaneously improving the quality of life of pigs and, ultimately, maintaining the pig industry’s social license.

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“…Hornick et al highlighted that the mechanisms underlying compensatory growth were associated with the changes in several hormone secretions including GH, insulin, and IGF-1 ( 26 ). Basis of this view, the previous study of our group reported that the protein realimentation activated the hepatic GH-IGF1 axis of weaning piglets during the compensatory growth ( 11 , 23 ). Moreover, Ju and co-workers confirmed that the growth inhibition caused by the early protein restriction could be compensated through compensatory growth in growing pigs, and the mechanism of compensation is related to regulating the expression level of GH, IGF-1, GH-R, and IGF-1-R ( 28 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Our previous studies demonstrated that protein restriction and succedent realimentation altered the GH-IGF1 signaling axis in rats and weaned piglets ( 11 , 23 ). Hence, we first measured the concentration of GH, IGF-1, and insulin in jejunal mucosa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results demonstrated that protein restriction and succedent realimentation improved feed conversion, protein deposition, and intestinal health in weaning piglets ( 4 , 10 ). Our group revealed that weaning piglets achieve compensatory growth after protein restriction and succedent realimentation through a mechanism closely related to hepatic growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1) signaling axis activation ( 11 ). The jejunum is the main site for digestion and absorption of dietary protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Protein Restriction and Succedent Realimentation on Jejunal Function and Bacterial Composition of Different Colonic Niches in Weaned Piglets

et al. 2022

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Recent studies have proved that protein succedent realimentation could rescue the loss of growth performance in weaning piglets caused by a prior protein restriction. However, how the protein restriction and succedent realimentation influence the jejunal function and bacterial composition of different colonic niches microbiota in weaning piglets needs a further investigation. After protein succedent realimentation, we found that the treatment group (TRE) piglets had a higher IGF-1 content and IGF-1R gene expression level in jejunal mucosa than the control group (CON) piglets. The ZO-1 gene expression level was up-regulated in the jejunal mucosa of TRE piglets during protein restriction and succedent realimentation, while the jejunal permeability of TRE piglets was only decreased after protein succedent realimentation. In addition, we found that protein restriction and succedent realimentation increased the gene expression of Pept-1 and the fecal apparent digestibility of crude protein in TRE piglets, but decreased the fecal nitrogen content. After 16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing of bacteria in different colonic niches (mucosa and digesta), TRE piglets had a higher relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and a lower relative abundance of potential pathogens than CON piglets in different colonic niches after protein restriction and succedent realimentation. Our data showed that protein restriction and succedent realimentation decreased the concentrations of branch chain fatty acids and ammonia-N in the colon of TRE piglets. In addition, protein succedent realimentation increased the concentration of total short chain fatty acids in the colon of TRE piglets. All these findings demonstrated that the strategy of protein restriction and succedent realimentation is an effective way to improve intestinal health of weaning piglets, and provided new insights into the nutrition management of piglets during the weaning period.

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The role of liver metabolism in compensatory-growth piglets induced by protein restriction and subsequent protein realimentation

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Comparative analysis of different density restrictions reveals the potential influence mechanism on the compensatory growth of Litopenaeus vannamei

Comparative analysis of different density restrictions reveals the potential influence mechanism on the compensatory growth of Litopenaeus vannamei

Linking Animal Welfare and Antibiotic Use in Pig Farming—A Review

Effects of Protein Restriction and Succedent Realimentation on Jejunal Function and Bacterial Composition of Different Colonic Niches in Weaned Piglets

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