The role of live poultry movement and live bird market biosecurity in the epidemiology of influenza A (H7N9): A cross-sectional observational study in four eastern China provinces

Zhou, Xiao‐Nong; Li, Yin; Wang, Youming; Edwards, John; Guo, Fei; Clements, Archie C. A.; Huang, Biao; Magalhães, Ricardo J. Soares

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2015.06.012

Cited by 75 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For this reason, a better understanding of the live animal movement patterns and the ability to promptly trace them in emergency situations have been recognized as key to prevent, early detect, rapid control and even predict disease outbreaks [2–4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the live-pig trade network in Georgia: Implications for disease prevention and control

2017

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Live pig trade patterns, drivers and characteristics, particularly in backyard predominant systems, remain largely unexplored despite their important contribution to the spread of infectious diseases in the swine industry. A better understanding of the pig trade dynamics can inform the implementation of risk-based and more cost-effective prevention and control programs for swine diseases. In this study, a semi-structured questionnaire elaborated by FAO and implemented to 487 farmers was used to collect data regarding basic characteristics about pig demographics and live-pig trade among villages in the country of Georgia, where very scarce information is available. Social network analysis and exponential random graph models were used to better understand the structure, contact patterns and main drivers for pig trade in the country. Results indicate relatively infrequent (a total of 599 shipments in one year) and geographically localized (median Euclidean distance between shipments = 6.08 km; IQR = 0–13.88 km) pig movements in the studied regions. The main factors contributing to live-pig trade movements among villages were being from the same region (i.e., local trade), usage of a middleman or a live animal market to trade live pigs by at least one farmer in the village, and having a large number of pig farmers in the village. The identified villages’ characteristics and structural network properties could be used to inform the design of more cost-effective surveillance systems in a country which pig industry was recently devastated by African swine fever epidemics and where backyard production systems are predominant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the live-pig trade network in Georgia: Implications for disease prevention and control

2017

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“…This suggested that the H7N9 viruses were transmitted rapidly in the field, likely by transportation of poultry as part of the marketing system. Spatio-temporal aggregation of chicken viruses and human cases was also observed, supporting a market-based dissemination of the H7N9 viruses [37,38]. influenza viruses developing into different clades and being disseminated over a wider region of China than in wave I [9,10 ,11,12,13 ] ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Evolution Dissemination and Development Of The H7n9 Influenmentioning

confidence: 64%

Emergence and development of H7N9 influenza viruses in China

Zhu

Lam

Smith

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in Virology

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The occurrence of human infections with avian H7N9 viruses since 2013 demonstrates the continuing pandemic threat posed by the current influenza ecosystem in China. Influenza surveillance and phylogenetic analyses showed that these viruses were generated by multiple interspecies transmissions and reassortments among the viruses resident in domestic ducks and the H9N2 viruses enzootic in chickens. A large population of domestic ducks hosting diverse influenza viruses provided the precondition for these events to occur, while acquiring internal genes from enzootic H9N2 influenza viruses in chickens promoted the spread of these viruses. Human infections effectively act as sentinels, reflecting the intensity of the activity of these viruses in poultry.

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“…Instead, drastically increased global production of poultry is a major driver for AIV spread and diversification [69]. The industrialization of poultry rearing, the exponential expansion of poultry production in general, as well as particular forms of rearing and trading, for example, large-scale free range farming and live poultry markets, likely have created environments that are beneficial to the introduction of AIV from natural reservoirs; expansion and adaptation of introduced viruses to poultry; and continuing circulation of established poultry lineages that can then be reintroduced into the natural virus reservoir [70]. Without early detection of such incursions and rigorous stamping out measures, self-sustainable endemic infection cycles are likely to ensue.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

A Pallid Rainbow: Toward Improved Understanding of Avian Influenza Biology

et al. 2016

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (‘fowl plague’) has been known since the late 19th century as a devastating infection in poultry but of concern primarily to farmers and veterinarians. Mostly sporadic outbreaks occurred and, except for one episode, wild birds were unaffected. This situation changed drastically by the recognition that avian influenza viruses exhibit zoonotic potential leading to fatal infections in mammals including humans. Moreover, highly pathogenic avian influenza gained access to highly mobile, migratory wild bird populations resulting in unprecedented intercontinental spread. The rapid evolution of avian influenza viruses, their adaption to novel hosts and the resulting change in epidemiology are of major concern. Recent advances in understanding influenza virus biology at the interface between wild birds-terrestrial poultry-livestock and humans are highlighted here.

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The role of live poultry movement and live bird market biosecurity in the epidemiology of influenza A (H7N9): A cross-sectional observational study in four eastern China provinces

Abstract: LBM biosecurity and chicken movement played an important role in the emergence of H7N9. This study identified highly connected areas in eastern China which continue to report human infections highlighting candidate areas for more detailed epidemiological investigations.

Cited by 75 publications

References 33 publications

Modeling the live-pig trade network in Georgia: Implications for disease prevention and control

Modeling the live-pig trade network in Georgia: Implications for disease prevention and control

Emergence and development of H7N9 influenza viruses in China

A Pallid Rainbow: Toward Improved Understanding of Avian Influenza Biology

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