The Role of Lithology

Kašanin‐Grubin, Milica; Vergari, Francesca; Troiani, Francesco; Seta, Marta Della

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813054-4.00003-4

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The presence of salts in both lutites and marls also contribute to a rapid and deep bedrock weathering, reducing “the chances for seed germination and plant establishment, particularly in drylands” (Moreno‐de las Heras & Gallart, 2018, p. 40). Besides, the presence of exchangeable sodium in lutites enhances the probability of occurrence of clay dispersion, leading to subsurface erosion (Faulkner, 2013; García‐Ruiz, 2011; Kasanin‐Grubin et al, 2018). Some authors also attributed to well‐sorted fine sediments a high probability of disintegration and piping, and ultimately to badland development (Kasanin‐Grubin et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gallart, 2018, p. 40). Besides, the presence of exchangeable sodium in lutites enhances the probability of occurrence of clay dispersion, leading to subsurface erosion (Faulkner, 2013;García-Ruiz, 2011;Kasanin-Grubin et al, 2018). Some authors also attributed to well-sorted fine sediments a high probability of disintegration and piping, and ultimately to badland development (Kasanin-Grubin et al, 2018).…”

Section: Projected Climate Change Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediterranean badlands: Their driving processes and climate change futures

Nadal‐Romero

Rodríguez‐Caballero

Chamizo

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Badlands are landforms that occur all over the World. In the Mediterranean region, badlands are found in both dry (arid and semi‐arid) and wet (subhumid and humid) environments, and are characterized by complex hydro‐geomorphological dynamics, high intense erosion processes and extreme sediment yield. Understanding the impact of Global Change is key to predict the on‐site and off‐site effects on badland dynamics, particularly its consequences on bedrock weathering, on sediment yield and delivery and on plant colonization. Here, conducting a systematic literature review, we analyzed an extensive database and identified the main climate‐drivers affecting the hydro‐geomorphological dynamics in Mediterranean badlands (based on non‐metric multidimensional scaling and structural equation modeling analysis). Later, we examined the main impacts expected from climate change forecasting in the near future, and we explored the interactions between badlands response to climate variation. In Mediterranean badlands, weathering processes are mainly related to wetting–drying cycles and freeze–thaw cycles in dry and wet badlands, respectively. In both environments, rainfall amount appears as the main driver for runoff response, and rainfall amount and rainfall intensity for erosion dynamics. Future climate scenarios forecast a decrease in annual rainfall, number of rainfall events and frost days, and in soil moisture, and an increase in rainfall intensity. These changes will have direct hydro‐geomorphological implications with direct and indirect effects on badland dynamics. This may result in a decrease in annual runoff in dry badlands, but the occurrence of more frequent extreme events would increase soil erosion and could negatively affect biological soil crust. In wet badlands, weathering and erosion processes may decrease, and a stabilization of the slopes, with consequently improved vegetation growth, may be expected. In addition, the forecasted changes must be taken into account, especially considering the possible off‐site effects of these extreme environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Projected Climate Change Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean badlands: Their driving processes and climate change futures

Nadal‐Romero

Rodríguez‐Caballero

Chamizo

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Assessment of calanchi and rill–interrill erosion susceptibilities using terrain analysis and geostochastics: A case study in the Oltrepo Pavese, Northern Apennines, Italy

Bosino

Giordani

Quénéhervé

et al. 2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Soil erosion is one of the most important environmental problems distributed worldwide. In the last decades, numerous studies have been published on the assessment of soil erosion and the related processes and forms using empirical, conceptual and physically based models. For the prediction of the spatial distribution, more and more sophisticated stochastic modelling approaches have been proposed – especially on smaller spatial scales such as river basins. In this work, we apply a maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) to evaluate badlands (calanchi) and rill–interrill (sheet erosion) areas in the Oltrepo Pavese (Northern Apennines, Italy). The aim of the work is to assess the important environmental predictors that influence calanchi and rill–interrill erosion at the regional scale. We used 13 topographic parameters derived from a 12 m digital elevation model (TanDEM‐X) and data on the lithology and land use. Additional information about the vegetation is introduced through the normalized difference vegetation index based on remotely sensed data (ASTER images). The results are presented in the form of susceptibility maps showing the spatial distribution of the occurrence probability for calanchi and rill–interrill erosion. For the validation of the MaxEnt model results, a support vector machine approach was applied. The models show reliable results and highlight several locations of the study area that are potentially prone to future soil erosion. Thus, coping and mitigation strategies may be developed to prevent or fight the soil erosion phenomenon under consideration. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Rainfall shocks, child mortality, and water infrastructure

Ponnusamy

2022

Health Economics

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I study the effect of rainfall shocks on child mortality at a sub‐national level for a global set of developing countries. I establish that negative (positive) shocks to rainfall lead to an increase (drop) in child deaths overall. Low‐income countries (LICs) and the group of countries reliant on agriculture are affected the most due to negative rainfall shocks. In LICs, the impact of negative rainfall shocks is mitigated by around 60% in districts located downstream to dams, an effect predominant among less affluent districts; in addition, the effect of rainfall fluctuations is persistent, lasting for up to three years following the shock. Results remain robust to the inclusion of relevant controls, to the consideration of relevant issues such as selective fertility and migration, and various other robustness tests.

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The Role of Lithology

Cited by 12 publications

References 92 publications

Mediterranean badlands: Their driving processes and climate change futures

Mediterranean badlands: Their driving processes and climate change futures

Assessment of calanchi and rill–interrill erosion susceptibilities using terrain analysis and geostochastics: A case study in the Oltrepo Pavese, Northern Apennines, Italy

Rainfall shocks, child mortality, and water infrastructure

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