The Role of Learning in Fish Orientation

Odling-Smee, Lucy; Simpson, Stephen D.; Braithwaite, Valerie

doi:10.1002/9781444342536.ch8

Cited by 53 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…To minimize energy costs and movement-associated predation risk while searching for food, animals need to find their way efficiently (Odling-Smee & Braithwaite 2003). Previous studies show that a range of environmental factors can influence the food search of animals (Odling-Smee et al 2006). Here, we found that fry reared at low densities were faster to find prey in a maze compared with trout reared at higher densities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…It is well established that spatial complexity stimulates behavioural flexibility, as well as learning and memory in mammals and birds (Young 2003). Recent studies on fish suggest similar effects, where structural enrichment in hatchery tanks have been found to improve foraging performance (Brown et al 2003), stability of social hierarchies (Galhardo et al 2008), exploratory behaviour Lee & Berejikian 2008), learning (Odling-Smee & Braithwaite 2003;Odling-Smee et al 2006), memory (Brydges et al 2008) and neural development (Kihslinger & Nevitt 2006). However, it is still unclear to what extent structural complexity can help captive reared individuals to survive in the wild (Brockmark et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Less is more: density influences the development of behavioural life skills in trout

2010

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Theory suggests that habitat structure and population density profoundly influence the phenotypic development of animals. Here, we predicted that reduced rearing density and increased structural complexity promote food search ability, anti-predator response and the ability to forage on novel prey, all behavioural skills important for surviving in the wild. Brown trout were reared at three densities (conventional hatchery density, a fourth of conventional hatchery density and natural density) in tanks with or without structure. Treatment effects on behaviour were studied on trout fry and parr, whereupon 20 trout from each of the six treatment groups were released in an enclosed natural stream and recaptured after 36 days. Fry reared at natural density were faster to find prey in a maze. Moreover, parr reared at natural density were faster to eat novel prey, and showed more efficient anti-predator behaviour than fish reared at higher densities. Furthermore, parr reared at reduced densities were twice as likely to survive in the stream as trout reared at high density. In contrast, we found no clear treatment effects of structure. These novel results suggest that reduced rearing densities can facilitate the development of behavioural life skills in captive animals, thereby increasing their contribution to natural production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Less is more: density influences the development of behavioural life skills in trout

2010

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“…for recognising predators, acquiring spatial knowledge, etc. This latter proposal would agree with the suggestion that individuals could benefit "with avoiding many of the costs thought to be associated with individual learning, such as making mistakes or wasting time" (Odling-Smee et al 2006). It is likely that when a micro-group leaves a school to enter in another one, which might happen frequently, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

When good neighbours become good friends: observing small scale structures in fish aggregations using multibeam sonar

Gerlotto¹,

Jones

Bez³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Living Resour.

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-Converging results in different scientific fields (behavioural ecology, fisheries biology, acoustic tagging, fisheries acoustics, behavioural modelling) suggest the existence of "micro-groups" inside fish schools. These would comprise a few (5-10) fish maintaining contact during a period long enough to allow individuals to recognise each other. It is hypothesised that they would prefer to share the space with familiar rather than anonymous conspecifics. To evaluate whether acoustic methods could be used to recognise "micro-structures" inside fish schools and help test the "micro-group" hypothesis we analysed acoustic data from anchovy schools off Peru, and gadoids in the North Sea. Data collection used a multibeam sonar (Reson SeaBat 6012). In the Peruvian case study, the sonar was mounted set horizontally on a drifting research vessel and the internal structure of the schools of anchovies was analysed, although individual fish could not be discriminated. In the North Sea case study, the sonar was orientated vertically above a demersal trawl to allow observation of individual fish entering the trawl. Geostatistical analyses were used to evaluate the existence of small spatial structures in anchovy schools. In these schools, "micro-structures" with a scale as small as 0.5 m were observed acoustically. For the gadoids nearest neighbour distance (NDD) measurements were carried out, suggesting that the fish aggregated in small groups (2 to 25 individuals, with an average of 3.7 fish per group) in the trawl catches. The perspectives and limitations of these results are discussed.Key words: Anchovy / Behaviour / Geostatistics / Multibeam sonar / Fish school / Spatial structure / Micro-group Résumé -Des résultats convergents dans différents domaines scientifiques (écologie, éco-éthologie, marquage acoustique, acoustique halieutique, modélisation du comportement) suggèrent l'existence de « microgroupes » à l'intérieur des bancs de poissons. Ces structures seraient composées d'un petit nombre d'individus (5 à 10) restant en contact pendant une période assez longue pour leur permettre de se reconnaître entre eux. L'hypothèse suggérée par cette observation est qu'il est plus efficace pour des poissons grégaires de partager l'espace avec des individus familiers plutôt qu'anonymes. Afin d'évaluer si l'acoustique peut être employée pour identifier des « microstructures » dans les bancs, qui seraient la représentation spatiale de ces « microgroupes », nous avons analysé des données acoustiques enregistrées à partir de sonars multifaisceaux (Reson SeaBat 6012) sur des bancs d'anchois au Pérou, et sur des gadidés en mer du Nord. Dans le cas des anchois, le sonar était monté horizontalement le long d'un navire dérivant et la structure interne des bancs d'anchois a été analysée en termes de densités ponctuelles (par éléments ou pixels de 0,01 m 2 ), les poissons ne pouvant pas être identifiés individuellement. Dans le cas de la mer du Nord, le sonar a été orienté verticalement audessus d'un chalut démersal pour permettre...

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“…Several reports have documented the inbreeding avoidance through the kin recognition among fish species (Pusey & Wolf, 1996;Gerlach & Lysiak, 2006;Ala-Honkola et al, 2010). On the other hand, recent studies have demonstrated that a number of fish species are able to recognize relatives or nonrelatives individuals, and that they can show preference for schooling or mating with the relative ones (Odling-Smee & Braithwaite, 2003;Ward & Hart, 2003;Fraser et al, 2005). These mechanisms could provide a limited exchange of reproductive individuals between populations, resulting in genetic differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetic structure revealed by a school of the freshwater migratory fish, Brycon hilarii

Sanches¹,

Galetti

2012

lajar

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ABSTRACT. It is believed that different genetic populations of migratory fishes can co-exist in a single hydrographic system. Although different populations may occupy and explore the river together, they segregate during the spawning season and consequently the population genetic structuring is maintained. Genetic variation of a Brycon hilarii spawning school and samples from different collection sites in the Miranda River basin were surveyed using seven microsatellites. Population structuring was revealed by a significant differentiation of the spawning school related to the supposed local populations. The genetic differentiation detected may be supported by behavior during the reproductive season that promotes the maintenance of the genetic integrity of different populations. These data may contribute toward the understanding of the behavior and biology of these fish as well as fishery management and species conservation programs. Keywords: Characidae, Bryconinae, neotropical fish, population structuring, microsatellite, Brasil.Estructura genética poblacional revelada por un cardumen del pez migratorio de agua dulce, Brycon hilarii RESUMEN. Se ha documentado que diferentes poblaciones genéticas de peces migratorios pueden coexistir en un único sistema hidrográfico. Diferentes poblaciones pueden ocupar y explorar el río juntas, pero se segregan durante la temporada de desove y consecuentemente la estructuración genética poblacional se mantiene. La diversidad genética de un cardumen reproductivo de Brycon hilarii y muestras de diferentes sitios en la cuenca del Río Miranda fueron analizadas mediante siete microsatélites. La estructura poblacional fue revelada por una diferenciación genética significativa del cardumen reproductivo con las muestras de las poblaciones locales. La diferenciación genética detectada puede ser resultado de un probable comportamiento durante la temporada reproductiva, que promueve el mantenimiento de la integridad genética de las diferentes poblaciones. Estos datos pueden contribuir a la comprensión del comportamiento y biología de estos peces, así como amparar programas de gestión de la pesca y conservación de las especies.

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The Role of Learning in Fish Orientation

Cited by 53 publications

References 120 publications

Less is more: density influences the development of behavioural life skills in trout

Less is more: density influences the development of behavioural life skills in trout

When good neighbours become good friends: observing small scale structures in fish aggregations using multibeam sonar

Population genetic structure revealed by a school of the freshwater migratory fish, Brycon hilarii

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