The Role of Layer I in Cortical Function

Vogt, Brent A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6622-9_2

Cited by 65 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 185 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…Other anatomic and physiologic evidence suggests that the ILN may also play a role in the formation of specific "event-holding" functions that support attention and working memory (Mair, 1994;Purpura and Schiff, 1997;Vogt, 1990;discussed later). Such event-holding functions may represent focal, sustained activations or amplifications of cortical activity (Fuster, 1973), and may be associated with neuronal transient responses (Friston, 1995;Schall, 1991), oscillatory activity Singer and Gray, 1995;Steriade et al, 1996), or possibly other physiologic signatures (Schiff et al, 1999a;Vaadia et al, 1995).…”

Section: Physiologic Evidence Of Cerebral Gating Processesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Such event-holding functions may represent focal, sustained activations or amplifications of cortical activity (Fuster, 1973), and may be associated with neuronal transient responses (Friston, 1995;Schall, 1991), oscillatory activity Singer and Gray, 1995;Steriade et al, 1996), or possibly other physiologic signatures (Schiff et al, 1999a;Vaadia et al, 1995). Mair (1994) Vogt (1990). Several subsequent experimental results from this research group Mair et al, 1998;Zhang et al, 1998) have provided evidence that marked deficits in delayed match to sample task performance are attributable to lesions specifically of the ILN (paracentral, central lateral, and central medial, but not the median dorsalis nucleus).…”

Section: Physiologic Evidence Of Cerebral Gating Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Arousal and “Gating” Systems in the Neurology of Impaired Consciousness

Schiff

Plum

2000

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology

158

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Summary:A brief taxonomy of neurologic disorders resulting in global impairments of consciousness is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on focal injuries of subcortical structures that may produce disorders that are otherwise associated to large bilateral cortical injuries. A distinction between subcortical arousal and "gating" systems is developed. Both clinical and experimental studies are reviewed in the context of these disorders and their possible underlying mechanisms. Key Words: Awareness-Persistent vegetative state-Intralaminar thalamic nuclei-Akinetic mutism-Reticular formation.Understanding the disorders of human consciousness provides an empirical first step toward understanding mechanisms underlying human awareness. The neurologist's view of consciousness is derived from reliable observations of brain structure and function that lead to implicit hypotheses. These hypotheses represent implied models that may be examined in light of many recent advances in clinical and experimental neuroscience. Impaired consciousness of a variety of kinds may result from focal brain injuries that induce widespread functional changes. Differences in the clinical features of these human disabilities illustrate the interdependent relationships of brain mechanisms underlying arousal, gating, and expression of several specific neuropsychologic traits. In many cases, brain damage is too severe to permit meaningful recovery, as exemplified by the vegetative state. In others, transient or permanent behavioral abnormalities precipitated by focal lesions may reveal the contribution of specific brain systems to the overall conscious state. Global disorders of consciousness include stupor and coma, vegetative states, akinetic mutism, absence and partial complex seizures, hyperkinetic mutism, and others. These disturbances can be acute, and relatively brief, or may persist as protracted states. The authors explore the neurology of impaired consciousness, developing a brief taxonomy of global disorders of consciousness, and placing these neurologic diseases in the context of the underlying anatomy and physiology of arousal and "gating" systems. Definition of consciousness: A definition closely following that of James (1890) is offered for the psychological dimension of consciousness:At its least, normal human consciousness consists of a serially time-ordered, organized, restricted and reflective awareness of self and the environment. Moreover, it is an experience of graded complexity and quantity.

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Section: Physiologic Evidence Of Cerebral Gating Processesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Physiologic Evidence Of Cerebral Gating Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Arousal and “Gating” Systems in the Neurology of Impaired Consciousness

Schiff

Plum

2000

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology

158

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“…The model cell population in this nucleus is excited by converging bottom-up input (Figure 2d), and sends excitatory connections to layer 1 of the cerebral cortex (Jones, 2002;Miller and Benevento, 1979), where its collaterals contact apical dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal cells (Vogt, 1991;Cauller, 1995;Cauller andConnors, 1994, 2001;Larkum et al, 2002Larkum et al, , 2004. The nonspecific thalamus is also inhibited by the thalamic reticular nucleus, or TRN (Figure 2e), and the balance between bottom-up excitation and TRN inhibition is controlled by the matching process.…”

Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a predictive error causes a mismatch to occur, the vigilance level is predicted to increase just enough to drive a memory search for a new recognition code. This process is called match tracking (Carpenter and Grossberg, 1987;1991;Carpenter et al, 1992). Match tracking realizes a kind of minimax learning rule; namely, it enables a learning system to minimize predictive error while maximizing generalization.…”

Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spikes, synchrony, and attentive learning by laminar thalamocortical circuits

2008

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“…The present study is intended to assess how theta rhythm is affected by the large fiber contingent from dorsal raphe nucleus to neocortex, which, by connecting to layers I and Va, hypothetically controls the formation and stability of spatially distributed functional modules, thus providing their temporal organization (11,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-oscillographic correlation between dorsal raphe nucleus, neocortex and hippocampus during wakefulness before and after serotoninergic inactivation

Fonoff

Silva

Ballester

et al. 1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Theta rhythm in many brain structures characterizes wakefulness and desynchronized sleep in most subprimate mammalian brains. In close relation to behaviors, theta frequency and voltage undergo a fine modulation which may involve mobilization of dorsal raphe nucleus efferent pathways. In the present study we analyzed frequency modulation (through instantaneous frequency variation) of theta waves occurring in three cortical areas, in hippocampal CA1 and in the dorsal raphe nucleus of Wistar rats during normal wakefulness and after injection of the 5-HT 1a receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT into the dorsal raphe. We demonstrated that in attentive states the variation of theta frequency among the above structures is highly congruent, whereas after 8-OH-DPAT injection, although regular signals are present, the variation is much more complex and shows no relation to behaviors. Such functional uncoupling after blockade demonstrates the influence of dorsal raphe nucleus efferent serotoninergic fibers on the organization of alertness, as evaluated by electro-oscillographic analysis. Electrical potentials from thalamic, olfactory and septal nuclei, hippocampus, amygdala, most cortical areas and many other brain structures oscillate regularly from 6 to 11 Hz as theta rhythm during wakefulness and desynchronized sleep in rats (1). Theta wave amplitude and frequency undergo fine modulation as a function of time and of the kind of behavior occurring in those states (2). Such modulation is followed by a spectrographic correlation between central structures that is higher in attentive wakefulness than in the relaxed state and narrowing of the oscillation band also occurs, disclosing its functional coupling to wakefulness (3,4).The serotoninergic raphe ascending projections are diffuse and reach almost all mammalian brain structures (5,6). The dorsal raphe

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The Role of Layer I in Cortical Function

Cited by 65 publications

References 185 publications

The Role of Arousal and “Gating” Systems in the Neurology of Impaired Consciousness

The Role of Arousal and “Gating” Systems in the Neurology of Impaired Consciousness

Spikes, synchrony, and attentive learning by laminar thalamocortical circuits

Electro-oscillographic correlation between dorsal raphe nucleus, neocortex and hippocampus during wakefulness before and after serotoninergic inactivation

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