The role of lateral fluxes in ventilation of the Black Sea

Иванов, Л. И.; Samodurov, A. S.

doi:10.1016/s0924-7963(01)00051-3

Cited by 56 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…But the entrainment ratio varies with depth, and with waters ventilating the main pycnocline ( t ϭ 15.0-16.5), it can be closer to 1 : 10 (Buesseler et al 1991;Ivanov and Samodurov 2001;Stanev et al 2001). This means that the concentration of dissolved O 2 in the Bosporus plume should reach 100-150 mol L Ϫ1 (Ko- (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lateral injection of oxygen with the Bosporus plume—fingers of oxidizing potential in the Black Sea

Konovalov

Luther

Friederich

et al. 2003

Limnology & Oceanography

118

107

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Saline and warm Mediterranean water flowing through the Bosporus Strait maintains a permanent pycnocline with vertical separation of oxic (O 2 ), suboxic (absence of O 2 and H 2 S), and anoxic (H 2 S) zones in the Black Sea. The stable suboxic zone implies restricted vertical mixing of the upper oxic and lower anoxic layers and limited vertical flux of oxygen that cannot balance the upward flux of sulfide. We report data that directly confirm massive lateral injections (Ͼ200 km from the Bosporus) of oxygen-enriched waters of the Bosporus plume, created by the mixing of shallow, cold, intermediate-layer Black Sea water with Mediterranean water. These plume waters are laterally injected into the oxic layer and, more importantly, into the suboxic and anoxic layers over several small vertical scales (''fingers'' of ϳ5 m) at water densities ( t ) from 15.0 to 16.4. O 2 injection oxidizes Mn(II) to Mn(III,IV), which then oxidizes H 2 S. The onset of H 2 S detection occurs in deeper waters in the southwest (Ͼ170 m; t ഠ 16.4) relative to the west central Black Sea (110 m; t ഠ 16.2) and coincides with increased MnO 2 and S 8 formation in the southwest.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lateral injection of oxygen with the Bosporus plume—fingers of oxidizing potential in the Black Sea

Konovalov

Luther

Friederich

et al. 2003

Limnology & Oceanography

118

107

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“…The Bosporus Plume water is a mixture of 1 volume of the Mediterranean Sea water and 3-10 volumes of Black Sea water Ivanov and Samodurov, 2001) so these ventilation layers occur below the CIL (s t 414.5).…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Documenting the suboxic zone of the Black Sea via high-resolution real-time redox profiling

Glazer¹,

Luther²,

Konovalov³

et al. 2006

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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We coupled an in situ electrochemical analyzer to a CTD pump profiler system to measure redox species across the oxic-anoxic interface of the Black Sea water column. Voltammetry was performed using gold-amalgam working electrodes to measure simultaneously oxygen and dissolved sulfur species (S 8 , S 2À x , HS À /H 2 S) both in situ (at o1 m vertical intervals) and in an on-deck flow cell attached to the outflow of a pump profiler (vertical resolution of about 1.5 m). In situ data agreed with measurements made in the flow cell and with measurements made from samples collected by rosette bottle casts. In situ voltammetry provided undisturbed, high-resolution measurements, and revealed significant yet subtle features not seen by traditional methods because of small spatial separation between the features and the measurements. Layers of oxygen intrusion (o5 m thick, from 10 to 150 mM O 2 ) were present within the suboxic zone of the southwest Black Sea that are not present in the west-central and northeast Black Sea. Oxygen injection also occurs at other depths throughout the southwest and corresponds with small temperature anomalies, suggesting influence by Bosporus inflow up to 150 km from its entrance to the Black Sea. Such an inflow of oxygen, as well as spatial variations of the halocline, affect both manganese and, subsequently, sulfide oxidation for a large portion of Black Sea intermediate water (H 2 S onset occured $60 m deeper in the southwest as compared to the west-central). In situ voltammetric analyses provided rapid redox information, thus enabling more accurate targeting of specific geochemical features by the CTD rosette package. r

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“…The first such vertical exchange model for the Black Sea which (the one that included vertical advection and vertical turbulent diffusion) was constructed by us in [20,21]. Subsequently, in [22] as well as in the mentioned papers probing data collected over 70 years was applied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A change of basin area with depth was taken into account in the model and temperature and salinity profiles were somewhat corrected at that. A technique of calculation of K diffusion coefficient distribution over the depth on average for the entire measurement period is presented in [20,21]. It should be noticed that unlike the paper [22] where on the basis of the modified database the problem was solved for Cold Intermediate Layer only, the required functions are calculated down to 750 m horizon here.…”

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confidence: 99%

Complimentarity of Different Approaches for Assessing Vertical Turbulent Exchange Intensity in Natural Stratified Basins

Samodurov¹

2017

PhO

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The comparison of previously proposed theoretical and semi-empirical approaches for assessing dependence of vertical turbulent exchange on stratification in the natural basins is carried out. The following models are compared: the semi-empirical model based on vertical probing data for revealing dependence of the required parameters on the stratification; the theoretical "spectral" model indicating qualitative differences in the exchange parameters in the "strongly" and "weakly" stratified layers of the main pycnocline in natural basins; the 1.5D model of the Black Sea vertical exchange developed within the framework of the inverse problem. The models, being analyzed in the course of calculating dependence of the energy dissipation rate ε and the diffusion coefficient K upon the buoyancy frequency N, show that they do not contradict each other and, if necessary, can complement each other. In addition, it is found that the greatest physical completeness among the considered models contains the "spectral" model that takes into account a variety of possible distributions in the upper "strongly" stratified layer. However, there are certain difficulties with assessment of the relevant coefficients in, dependencies. The latter problem can be solved within the framework of this approach via proper measurements in the investigated area using the semi-empirical approach relationships. A correspondence between the pair of "spectral" model and semi-empirical model and the 1.5D model for the Black Sea, which will be used in the future, should be also noted.

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The role of lateral fluxes in ventilation of the Black Sea

Cited by 56 publications

References 15 publications

Lateral injection of oxygen with the Bosporus plume—fingers of oxidizing potential in the Black Sea

Lateral injection of oxygen with the Bosporus plume—fingers of oxidizing potential in the Black Sea

Documenting the suboxic zone of the Black Sea via high-resolution real-time redox profiling

Complimentarity of Different Approaches for Assessing Vertical Turbulent Exchange Intensity in Natural Stratified Basins

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