The role of Lactobacillus species in the control of Candida via biotrophic interactions

Zangl, Isabella; Pap, Ildiko-Julia; Aspöck, Christoph; Schüller, Christoph

doi:10.15698/mic2020.01.702

Cited by 60 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 164 publications

(238 reference statements)

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“…In this context, nutritional prerequisites have been shown to play an important role in modeling the fungal cell wall architecture and subsequent immune cell recognition ( 8 , 9 ). In particular, lactate, a predominant carbon source in the vaginal tract ( 10 ) has been shown to influence host pathogen interaction and infection outcomes ( 11 – 13 ). Hence, we were particularly interested in studying host-pathogen interactions with strains that have not been extensively propagated in laboratories and come directly from a host niche, using a macrophage cell line as a feasible tool.…”

Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Candida albicans Vaginal Isolates and a Laboratory Strain Show Divergent Behaviors during Macrophage Interactions

Gerwien

Dunker

Brandt

et al. 2020

mSphere

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Typically, established lab strains are widely used to study host-pathogen interactions. However, to better reflect the infection process, the experimental use of clinical isolates has come more into focus. Here, we analyzed the interaction of multiple vaginal isolates of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans, the most common cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women, with key players of the host immune system: macrophages. We tested several strains isolated from asymptomatic or symptomatic women with acute and recurrent infections. While all clinical strains showed a response similar to the commonly used lab strain SC5314 in various in vitro assays, they displayed remarkable differences during interaction with macrophages. This coincided with significantly reduced β-glucan exposure on the cell surface, which appeared to be a shared property among the tested vaginal strains for yeast extract/peptone/dextrose-grown cells, which is partly lost when the isolates faced vaginal niche-like nutrient conditions. However, macrophage damage, survival of phagocytosis, and filamentation capacities were highly strain-specific. These results highlight the high heterogeneity of C. albicans strains in host-pathogen interactions, which have to be taken into account to bridge the gap between laboratory-gained data and disease-related outcomes in an actual patient. IMPORTANCE Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections in humans with Candida albicans as the major causative agent. This study is the first to compare clinical vaginal isolates of defined patient groups in their interaction with macrophages, highlighting the vastly different outcomes in comparison to a laboratory strain using commonly applied virulence-determining assays.

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Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Candida albicans Vaginal Isolates and a Laboratory Strain Show Divergent Behaviors during Macrophage Interactions

Gerwien

Dunker

Brandt

et al. 2020

mSphere

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“…Chloramphenicol (chloromycetin) is secreted by Streptomyces venezuelae , a soil bacterium [ 59 ]. Various Lactobacillus bacteria have an antifungal effect [ 60 , 61 ], as also Bacillus bacteria strains [ 62 , 63 ], and are included in commercial preparations of probiotic capsules promoted as of benefit to people with gastrointestinal complaints such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) [ 64 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of several media types and basic techniques used to assess outdoor airborne fungi in Melbourne, Australia

Black¹

2020

PLoS ONE

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Despite the recent increase in interest in indoor air quality regarding mould, there is no universally accepted standard media for the detection of airborne fungi, nor verification of many commonly used techniques. Commonly used media including malt-extract agar (MEA), Sabouraud dextrose agar (Sab), potato dextrose agar (PDA) with and without antibiotics chloramphenicol & gentamycin (CG) were compared for their suitability in detecting a range of airborne fungi by collecting 150 L outdoor air on a number of different days and seasons via an Anderson 400-hole sampler in suburban Melbourne, Australia. There was relatively little variation in mean numbers of colony forming units (CFU) and types of fungi recovered between MEA, PDA, Sab media groups relative to variation within each group. There was a significant difference between Sab, Dichloran-18% glycerol (DG18) and V8® Original juice agar media, however. Antibiotics reliably prevented the growth of bacteria that typically interfered with the growth and appearance of fungal colonies. There was no significant evidence for a growth enhancing factor from potato, mineral supplements or various vegetable juices. Differing glucose concentrations had modest effects, showing a vague ideal at 2%-4% with peptone. Sanitisation of the aluminium Andersen 400-hole sampler top-plate by flame is possible, but not strictly required nor advisable. The use of SabCG as a standard medium was generally supported.

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“…Among the taxa which increased in abundance after antifungal treatment, it is worth Lactobacillus species, in particular L. reuteri strains have a protective role against fungal infections (Guo et al 2012;Matsubara et al 2016;Seneviratne et al 2016;Zangl et al 2020). Therefore, our observations raise an intriguing possibility that the modulation of probiotic Lactobacillus strains, including L. reuteri, may be a response to repair the dysbiotic gut microbiome caused by AmB and SM21 treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Time-dependent modulation of gut microbiome in response to systemic antifungal agents

Udawatte

Wook

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The effects of antifungal agents on the human microbiome can be challenging to study due to confounding factors such as the underlying disease states and concomitant use of antibiotics and other therapies. We elucidated longitudinal modification of gut microbiome in response to a short course (5 days) of antifungal treatment in healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by sequencing 16S rRNA V1–V3 and ITS2 hypervariable regions. SD rats were randomized into a control group and three antifungal treated (AT) groups including Amphotericin B (AmB), voriconazole and, our novel antifungal drug candidate SM21 once per day for 5 consecutive days. Fecal samples were collected at three different time points (day 0, day 1 and day 5). Microbial communities of both bacteria and fungi were compared between conditions. In silico analysis of differential microbial abundance and the predictive functional domains of microbial communities was further done by inferring metabarcoding profiles from 16S data. AT animals exhibited significant change in bacteriome alphadiversity although no divergence in community structure (beta-diversity) was observed compared with respective control groups (day 0). Specific bacterial clades and taxa were longitudinally and significantly modified in the AT animals. The AT bacterium of AmB and SM21 was particularly enriched in probiotic Lactobacillus strains including L. reuteri. The key pathways overrepresented in the bacteriome under AT animals were linked to cellular processes, environment information processing and metabolism. Moreover, AT treated mycobiome diversity decreased longitudinally with insignificant variations along the time course; different fungal taxa dominating at different timepoints in a wave-like fashion. However, acute antifungal treatments could not alter healthy gut microbial community structure. Hence, the healthy gut microbiome is capable of resisting a major dysbiotic shift during a short course of antifungal treatment.

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The role of Lactobacillus species in the control of Candida via biotrophic interactions

Cited by 60 publications

References 164 publications

Clinical Candida albicans Vaginal Isolates and a Laboratory Strain Show Divergent Behaviors during Macrophage Interactions

Clinical Candida albicans Vaginal Isolates and a Laboratory Strain Show Divergent Behaviors during Macrophage Interactions

A comparison of several media types and basic techniques used to assess outdoor airborne fungi in Melbourne, Australia

Time-dependent modulation of gut microbiome in response to systemic antifungal agents

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