The Role of Interoceptive Attention and Appraisal in Interoceptive Regulation

Joshi, Vrutti; Graziani, Pierluigi; Del-Monte, Jonathan

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.714641

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(78 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For the ERP analysis of the SRepRN and for each RepRN, 0.2 s and 0.05 s to sound onset, were respectively used as a baseline. (5) In order to have a standard against which to compare the activity evoked by the noise repetitions, analog epochs to (3) and (4) were obtained from trials with plain white noise. This was carried out avoiding EEG data matching AmN presentation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The brain continuously monitors the bodily and environmental signals, and the interplay between interoception and exteroception determines whether a change in state comes from within or from outside, triggering and shaping appropriate allostatic and behavioral responses (1-3). Although visceral signals are typically diffuse and not accessible to our conscious experience, interoception is considered to have a decisive role in perception, homeostatic responses, and motivational behaviors (4)(5)(6)(7). Recent research has demonstrated that bodily rhythms contribute to general brain dynamics impacting the processing of external information (8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modulatory effect of attention on sensory processing has been consistently shown for top-down attention on sound (23–25), touch (26), vision (27, 28), olfaction (29), taste(30). Crucially, visceral information can not only be passively filtered by the brain but attention can be directed toward bodily signals in a process known as interoceptive attention (5) impacting its cortical representation, which has been evidenced during interoceptive attention to respiratory cycle (31), and to the heartbeat (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Predicting Attentional Focus: Heartbeat-Evoked Responses and Brain Dynamics During Interoceptive and Exteroceptive Information Processing

Flo,

Belloli,

Cabana

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A coherent representation of the sense of self hinges on defining the limits between oneself and the outside. Therefore, the ability to recognize external and internal signals could yield essential information on the level of awareness of individuals, which has major implications in the context of uncommunicative patients’ diagnoses. Attention plays a significant role in shaping our consciousness content and perception by increasing the probability of becoming aware and, or, better encode a selection of the incoming inner or outer sensory world. In this study, we designed a task to engage interoceptive and exteroceptive attention by orienting healthy participants to their heartbeats or to salient auditory stimuli and measured EEG, ECG, and respiration, while the effects of attention on passive encoding were probed using concealed noise repetitions. We investigated whether brain dynamics and evoked brain responses accurately distinguished interoceptive from exteroceptive covert attention at the subject level using AdaBoost classifiers with decision trees as base estimators. An overall gain in auditory processing during exteroceptive attention was observed, as indexed by an increased cortical response to target sounds and a better encoding of noise repetitions. Interoceptive attention positively modulated the heart-evoked potential (HEP), and the HEP features successfully classified the attentional state of 17 out of 20 participants. Exteroceptive attention was characterized by an overall flattening of the power spectrum across the 1-30 Hz frequency range accompanied by an increase in the bandwidth of the beta power peak, whereas during interoceptive attention there was a decrease in complexity and an increase in frontal connectivity and oscillations in the theta range. Subject-level classifiers based on Kolmogorov complexity, permutation entropy, and weighted symbolic mutual information features showed comparable accuracy and exhibited a synergic behavior together with the HEP features. Power features demonstrated exceptional performance, effectively classifying the attentional state of all participants. Our findings demonstrate that directing attention to bodily rhythms and to the external world elicits distinct brain dynamics that can be employed to track covert attention at the individual level. Importantly, the brain markers studied in this work could provide multiple layers to explore information processing and awareness in uncommunicative patients.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Predicting Attentional Focus: Heartbeat-Evoked Responses and Brain Dynamics During Interoceptive and Exteroceptive Information Processing

Flo,

Belloli,

Cabana

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, a conscious focus and awareness of bodily sensations is defined as interoceptive attention (Joshi et al, 2021). Several emotion theories (Barrett, 2009; Barrett & Russell, 2015; James,1884) propose that the perception of bodily reactions is a crucial component of the experience of emotion.…”

Section: Aging and Emotion Regulation: Lab And Everyday Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Attention-focused emotion regulation in everyday life in adulthood and old age.

DiGirolamo¹,

Uysal²,

McCall³

et al. 2023

Emotion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although some lab studies suggest older adults rely more on attentional deployment to regulate their emotions, little is known about age differences in specific attention deployment tactic use and how they relate to mood regulation in everyday life. The current longitudinal experience sampling study considered several different attention deployment tactics, such as shifting or focusing attention to positive and negative elements either internally or externally (thoughts and feelings vs. external environment). Younger, middle-aged, and older adults (N = 236) responded to surveys about their affective experience five times a day for 5 days, five times over the course of a year; they reported on types of attention deployment they used, how they felt, and the nature of their current situation. We also considered the role of COVID-19. Positive attention deployment tactics were the most popular tactic for all age groups and were positively related to affective experience. However, younger adults used positive internal attention focus less than the other age groups, whereas older adults used all negative attention deployment tactics less than the other age groups (all ps , .05). After the onset of COVID, participants felt more negative and increased attention shift tactics, although this varied by age. Although older adults generally seem to shift and focus attention less frequently toward negative aspects than other age groups, life challenges (such as COVID-19) may modulate their use of positive attention deployment tactics.

show abstract

“…There are clear theoretical parallels between the topics of interoception and mindfulness: traditional and contemporary methods for cultivating mindfulness are centred on the noticing of body sensations [ 3 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], and there are several interoceptive mechanisms that may impact mindfulness-based interventions, including interoceptive attention, interoceptive appraisal, and the use of interoceptive regulation strategies [ 9 ]. Reciprocally, interoceptive processing may be modulated through mindfulness-based training programmes via sustained attention to respiratory signals and bodily sensations such as pressure, movement and temperature, and cognitive and affective qualities of mindful attention to the internal body [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%