The Role of International Law in Vaccinating Against COVID-19: Appraising the COVAX Initiative

Bogdandy, Armin von; Villarreal, Pedro A.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3733454

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Moreover, the sole purpose of the health domain is for serving the public interests, and therefore it can be used as a medium in building trust and legitimacy through the practice of GHD with an ultimate goal of achieving the SDGs aimed at human development ( 26 ). International organizations such as the World Bank, WHO, along with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and other International NGOs, have raised a fund of US$ 8.1 billion and introduced the WHO COVAX plan for the fair and equitable distribution of an eventually licensed vaccine ( 52 ). The COVAX Initiative is an instrument for a fairer global distribution resulting from successful GHD, but the end result can only be assessed after some time based on fulfilling its commitments to the nations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Pandemic as an Excellent Opportunity for Global Health Diplomacy

Taghizade

Chattu

Jaafaripooyan

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Undoubtedly, the COVID-19 pandemic is not the first and most frightening global pandemic, and it may not be the last. At the very least, this phenomenon has though seriously challenged the health systems of the world; it has created a new perspective on the value of national, regional, and international cooperation during crises. The post-coronavirus world could be a world of intensified nationalist rivalries on the economic revival and political influence. However, strengthening cooperation among nations at different levels will lead to the growth of health, economy, and security. The current situation is a touchstone for international actors in coordinating the efforts in similar future crises. At present, this pandemic crisis cannot be resolved except through joint international cooperation, global cohesion, and multilateralism. This perspective concludes that the pandemic could be an excellent opportunity for the scope of global health diplomacy (GHD) and how it can be applied and practiced for strengthening five global arenas, namely (1) International Cooperation and Global Solidarity, (2) Global Economy, Trade and Development, (3) Global Health Security, (4) Strengthening health systems, and (5) Addressing inequities to achieve the global health targets. GHD proves to be very useful for negotiating better policies, stronger partnerships, and achieving international cooperation in this phase with many geopolitical shifts and nationalist mindset among many nations at this stage of COVID-19 vaccine roll-out.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Pandemic as an Excellent Opportunity for Global Health Diplomacy

Taghizade

Chattu

Jaafaripooyan

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…Several countries like Belgium, Canada, Germany, Norway, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the UK, and charitable organizations like The Bill and Melinda Gates had contributed about US$ 915 and US$250 million, respectively, in support of CEPI research and public education support for COVID-19 vaccines [24]. In these times, where vaccine nationalism is on the drive due to the scarcity of vaccines, initially, the COVAX initiative is an instrument for a fairer global distribution [25]. Concomitantly, the Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness (GLoPID-R) and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium have been working toward COVID-19 research and eventual vaccine distribution.…”

Section: Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine, TRIPS, and Global Health Diplomacy: India’s Role at the WTO Platform

Chattu

Singh

Kaur

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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In light of the devastation caused by COVID-19, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and vaccine research and development (R&D) have been occupying a prominent position in the field of global health diplomacy (GHD). Most countries, international organizations, and charitable organizations have been engaged in the R&D of COVID-19 vaccines to ensure timely affordability and accessibility to all countries. Concomitantly, the World Trade Organization (WTO) provides some provisions and enforcements regarding copyrights, patents, trademarks, geographical indications, and industrial designs. Given these safeguards, it is considered that intellectual property rights (IPRs) have become major barriers to the affordability and accessibility of vaccines/medicines/technology, particularly to the developing/least developed countries. Realizing the gravity of the pandemic impact, as well as its huge population and size, India has elevated this issue in its global health diplomacy by submitting a joint proposal with South Africa to the World Trade Organization (WTO) for a temporary waiver of IPRs to ensure timely affordability and accessibility of COVID-19 medical products to all countries. However, the issue of the temporary waive off had become a geopolitical issue. Countries that used to claim per se as strong advocates of human rights, egalitarianism, and healthy democracy have opposed this proposal. In this contrasting milieu, this paper is aimed at examining how the TRIPS has become a barrier for developing countries’ development and distribution of vaccines/technology; secondly, how India strategizes its role in the WTO in pursuant of its global health diplomacy? We conclude that the IPRs regime should not become a barrier to the accessibility/affordability of essential drugs and vaccines. To ensure access, India needs to get more engaged in GHD with all the involved global stakeholders to get strong support for their joint proposal. The developed countries that rejected/resisted the proposal can rethink their full support.

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“…Of course, in addition to economic efficiency, we will try to increase the proportion of self-sufficiency rather than before, and all countries and cities will strive to find a balance point among them. Meanwhile, through the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) Facility co-led by Gavi, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), and WHO, the world is trying to warn against vaccine nationalism and guarantee fair and equitable access to vaccine for every country, especially for middle and low-income countries (McAdams et al 2020;Bogdandy and Villarreal 2020).…”

Section: Changes In the International Situation Due To Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cities as the First Responder to Pandemics: Focusing on the Case of the Seoul Metropolitan Government’s Response to the COVID-19

Shon

2021

Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament

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This study was conducted to discuss the role of urban governments in the future, including intercity network construction, by reviewing cases of responding to COVID-19 in Seoul amid changes in the international situation caused by COVID-19. This paper is organized into four sections. First, this paper described the outbreak of COVID-19 in Seoul from January to August 2020 and the responses of the Seoul Metropolitan Government over time. over time. Second, the background of Alliance for Multilateralism and inter-city cooperation in accordance with the changes in the international situation due to COVID-19 was explained. Third, the response of the Seoul Metropolitan Government to the pandemic was reviewed based on the following four characteristics: (i) Social distancing; (ii) Enhanced contact tracing; (iii) Widespread testing; and, (iv) Early preparation. Finally, this paper reviewed how Seoul city cooperated with overseas cities in order to overcome the pandemic crisis, as well as the cases in which 25 autonomous districts of Seoul shared their policies using the Healthy Cities Network.

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The Role of International Law in Vaccinating Against COVID-19: Appraising the COVAX Initiative

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

COVID-19 Pandemic as an Excellent Opportunity for Global Health Diplomacy

COVID-19 Pandemic as an Excellent Opportunity for Global Health Diplomacy

COVID-19 Vaccine, TRIPS, and Global Health Diplomacy: India’s Role at the WTO Platform

The Role of Cities as the First Responder to Pandemics: Focusing on the Case of the Seoul Metropolitan Government’s Response to the COVID-19

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