The role of intermodulation distortion in transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions

Yates, Graeme K.; Withnell, Robert H.

doi:10.1016/s0378-5955(99)00108-2

Cited by 61 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, this interpretation of our findings is also consistent with the suppression of stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions reported by Brass and Kemp (1993), who found that, for equi-level suppressor and stimulus tones, a suppressor higher in frequency than the stimulus was more effective than one that was lower in frequency. Yates and Withnell (1999) have argued that the stimulus frequencies used by Xu et al (1994) (and subsequently in this study) would generate travelling waves with little possibility for interaction. However, the bulk of relevant physiological data in the literature are derived from the basal turn in small laboratory mammals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions – Effect of level and presentation paradigm

Killan

Kapadia

2006

Hearing Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is conflict in the literature over whether individual frequency components of a transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) are generated within relatively independent "channels" along the basilar membrane (BM), or whether each component may be generated by widespread areas of the BM. Two previous studies on TEOAE suppression are consistent with generation within largely independent channels, but with a degree of interaction between nearby channels. However, both these studies reported significant suppression only at high stimulus levels, at which the "nonlinear" presentation paradigm was used. The present study clarifies the separate influences of stimulus level and presentation paradigm on this type of suppression. TEOAEs were recorded using stimulus tonebursts at 1, 2 and 3 kHz and a complex stimulus consisting of a digital addition of the three tonebursts, over a range of stimulus levels and both "linear" and "nonlinear" presentation paradigms. Responses to the individual tonebursts were combined offline and compared with responses to the complex stimuli. Results clearly demonstrate that TEOAE suppression under these conditions is dependent upon stimulus level, and not upon presentation paradigm. It is further argued that the data support the "local" rather than "widespread" model of TEOAE generation, subject to nonlinear interactions between nearby generation channels.Killan EC Simultaneous Suppression of TBOAEs 3

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions – Effect of level and presentation paradigm

Killan

Kapadia

2006

Hearing Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, Withnell and Yates (1998) demonstrated that when TEOAEs are dominated by basal-source components, the presence of a pure tone caused suppression of components at lower frequencies, whilst those at the pure tone frequency were not affected. Similarly, Yates and Withnell (1999) reported that TEOAE components at a particular frequency were unaffected by the simultaneous presence of stimulus components at the same frequency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…It has been argued that in order for the higher frequency tone burst to cause suppression of response components at lower frequencies, those components must have originated from the (remote) basal region of the basilar membrane (BM) excited by the higher frequency tone burst (Xu et al, 1994;Yates and Withnell, 1999). Consistent with this argument, a small number of reports have provided evidence for a basal origin of OAE components in response to broadband clicks (Avan et al, 1997;Carvalho et al, 2003, Murnane andKelly, 2003), via intermodulation distortion (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a tone burst with frequency f and another with frequency considerably higher than f) will produce travelling waves that overlap only a small amount, if at all. Consequently, there will 2 It has been questioned whether such tone bursts cause travelling waves that overlap sufficiently for the nonlinear interactions to occur (Yates and Withnell, 1999). However, direct observations of BM motion at the apical turn of the cochlea suggest tuning of the BM response is sufficiently broad for travelling waves in response to tone bursts to overlap (Cooper and Rhode, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A mechanism for simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emission (TBOAE) components in response to a 1-kHz tone burst are suppressed by the simultaneous presence of tone bursts at higher frequencies. To date, the underlying cause of this "simultaneous suppression" of TBOAEs is unclear. This paper describes a potential mechanism based on local nonlinear interactions between basilar membrane (BM) travelling waves, and tests the extent to which it is able to account for this specific suppression phenomenon. A simple mathematical model based on local nonlinear interactions was developed, and its predictions for a range of tone burst pairs were compared to corresponding TBOAE suppression data recorded from fourteen normally-hearing human ears at a level of 60 dB p.e. SPL. Model predictions and mean TBOAE suppression data showed close agreement for all pairs of tone bursts. These results suggest that simultaneous suppression of TBOAEs can be explained solely in terms of the local nonlinear interactionbased mechanism. However, the involvement of other mechanisms, involving components generated at places basal to their characteristic place along the BM, cannot be excluded.

show abstract

“…Because of its short latency, this component is assumed to be generated at basal regions of the basilar membrane (BM) via two possible mechanisms; nonlinear intermodulation distortion (e.g. Yates and Withnell, 1999;Carvalho et al, 2003;Withnell and McKinley, 2005;Notaro et al, 2007;Withnell et al, 2008) and linear reflection (Goodman et al, 2011;Moleti et al, 2012;Sisto et al, 2013). Recent modelling efforts suggest that the second of these mechanisms, the basal-reflection mechanism, is most likely to account for the short-latency, basal-source component .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further tests of the local nonlinear interaction-based mechanism for simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emission (TBOAE) components measured in response to a 1 kHz tone burst (TB 1 ) are suppressed by the simultaneous presence of an additional tone burst (TB 2 ). This "simultaneous suppression of TBOAEs" has been explained in terms of a mechanism based on local nonlinear interactions between the basilar membrane (BM) travelling waves caused by TB 1 and TB 2 . A test of this local nonlinear interaction (LNI)-based mechanism, as a function of the frequency separation ( f, expressed in kHz) between TB 1 and TB 2 , has previously been reported by Killan et al. (2012) using a simple mathematical model [Killan et al., Hear. Res. 285, 58-64 (2012)]. The two experiments described in this paper add additional data on the extent to which the LNI-based mechanism can account for simultaneous suppression, by testing two further hypotheses derived from the model predictions. Experiment I tested the hypothesis that TBOAE suppression is directly linked to TBOAE amplitude nonlinearity where ears that exhibit a higher degree of amplitude nonlinearity yield greater suppression than more linear ears, and this relationship varies systematically as a function of f. In order to test this hypothesis simultaneous suppression at a range of values of f at 60 dB peak-equivalent sound pressure level (p.e. SPL) and TBOAE amplitude nonlinearity from normal human ears was measured. In Experiment II the hypothesis that suppression will also increase progressively as a function of increasing tone burst level was tested by measuring suppression for a range of f and tone burst levels at 40, 50, 60 and 70 dB p.e. SPL. The majority of the findings from both experiments provide support for the LNI-based mechanism being primarily responsible for simultaneous suppression. However, some data were inconsistent with this view. Specifically, a breakdown in the relationship between suppression and TBOAE amplitude nonlinearity at f = 1 (i.e. when TB 2 was reasonably well separated from, and had a higher frequency than TB 1 ) 3 and unexpected level-dependence, most notably at f = 1, but also where f = −0.5, was observed. Either the LNI model is too simple or an alternative explanation, involving response components generated at basal regions of the basilar membrane, is required to account for these findings.

show abstract

The role of intermodulation distortion in transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions

Cited by 61 publications

References 36 publications

Simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions – Effect of level and presentation paradigm

Simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions – Effect of level and presentation paradigm

A mechanism for simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions

Further tests of the local nonlinear interaction-based mechanism for simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About