The Role of Intermittent Fasting in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Narrative Review

Lavallee, Celeste M.; Bruno, Andreina; Ma, Christopher; Raman, Maitreyi

doi:10.3390/nu14214655

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…Methylamine occurs endogenously from amine catabolism. Lavallee et al found that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in obese patients could promote the conversion of choline to methylamine [ 48 ]. Our previous study revealed that fiber supplementation could improve gut microbiota conditions in obese mice [ 6 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Characteristics of Cecum Contents in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice Intervened with Different Fibers

Zhang

Cheng

Jiang

et al. 2023

Foods

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The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of single or mixed fibers (arabinoxylan, β-glucan, xyloglucan, and inulin) on the metabolome of cecum content in mice with obesity caused by a high-fat diet. Twenty-eight six-week-old male mice were divided randomly into seven groups (n = 4/group), including a normal-diet group (CON), a high-fat-diet group (HFD), and groups with the same high-fat diet but supplemented with arabinoxylan (HFAX), arabinoxylan + β-glucan (HFAβ), arabinoxylan + xyloglucan (HFAG), xyloglucan (HFXG), and xyloglucan + inulin (HFXI). A total of 66 molecules were identified and quantified in cecum content by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR). The metabolomic profiles combined with statistical analysis revealed compounds distinguishing the control group from those supplemented with fibers. In detail, a high-fat diet could significantly elevate the concentrations of acetone and methionine (p < 0.05) while decreasing the levels of methanol, arabinose, acetate, and 3-hydroxyphenylacetate (p < 0.05) in the cecum contents of mice. Compared to HFD, the supplementation caused higher levels of fumarate and hypoxanthine (p < 0.05) and lower levels of phenylacetate, acetate, fucose, formate, proline, betaine, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) (p < 0.05). An enrichment analysis highlighted that the pathways mainly altered were amino sugar metabolism, aspartate metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. In conclusion, non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) supplementation could change the metabolomic profiles of cecum contents in obese mice as a result of a high-fat diet. Moreover, mixed NSPs exhibited more beneficial effects than singular form on gut metabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Characteristics of Cecum Contents in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice Intervened with Different Fibers

Zhang

Cheng

Jiang

et al. 2023

Foods

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“…The same mechanism characterizes the impact of the use of acute physiological stress strategies, such as intermittent fasting, therapeutic cold, therapeutic heat, and intermittent hypoxia. We speculate that the absence of hormetic triggers in modern life will decrease the transcription of NRF1 and NRF2, subsequently TFAM and mitochondrial transcription factor B2 (TFB2M), and ultimately leading to a decrease in mitochondrial mass ( Kokura et al, 2007 ; Harvie and Howell, 2016 ; Chung et al, 2017 ; Alavi et al, 2021 ; Parsamanesh et al, 2021 ; Zeraattalab-Motlagh et al, 2021 ; Lavallee et al, 2022 ; Pak et al, 2022 ). The absence of hormetic triggers can also alter the activity of PGC-1α, which could result in metabolic dysfunction of tissues, leading to the development of various metabolic diseases ( Vandenbeek et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Part Ii: Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Its Involvement In Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria: It is all about energy

et al. 2023

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Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron and calcium homeostasis to the production of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as melatonin. They enable and influence communication at all physical levels through interaction with other organelles, the nucleus, and the outside environment. The literature suggests crosstalk mechanisms between mitochondria and circadian clocks, the gut microbiota, and the immune system. They might even be the hub supporting and integrating activity across all these domains. Hence, they might be the (missing) link in both health and disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to metabolic syndrome, neuronal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and infectious diseases, and inflammatory disorders. In this regard, diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic pain are discussed. This review focuses on understanding the mitochondrial mechanisms of action that allow for the maintenance of mitochondrial health and the pathways toward dysregulated mechanisms. Although mitochondria have allowed us to adapt to changes over the course of evolution, in turn, evolution has shaped mitochondria. Each evolution-based intervention influences mitochondria in its own way. The use of physiological stress triggers tolerance to the stressor, achieving adaptability and resistance. This review describes strategies that could recover mitochondrial functioning in multiple diseases, providing a comprehensive, root-cause-focused, integrative approach to recovering health and treating people suffering from chronic diseases.

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“…mood swings), constipation, headache etc.) [90][91]. For some patient categories (such as pregnant or lactating mothers, older individuals, those with advanced chronic diseases, with eating behavior disorders) there is no sufficient safety data to even consider advising this intervention, and it is prudent to refrain from doing so.…”

Section: Potential Risks Associated With Intermittent Fastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent fasting for the management of NAFLD: Is there enough evidence?

Ruta

2023

Acta Marisiensis - Seria Medica

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The pathogenesis of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been described as multifactorial, with genetic and environmental factors acting synergistically and causing excessive hepatic lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and downstream pathogenetic insults. High-calorie diets, particularly those rich in foods with high (saturated) fat and sugar content, and sugar-sweetened beverages, are among the behavioral risk factors with a crucial role in the disease pathogenesis. In addition, meal frequency and meal timing appear to be relevant factors associated with NAFLD. Current guidelines recommend a hypocaloric, preferably Mediterranean diet as the main dietary intervention approach, but various other dietary models have been evaluated in patients with NAFLD. Among these, several intermittent fasting regimens have shown promising results. Diets based on Time-Restricted Feeding and Intermittent Energy Restriction have demonstrated some improvements in body adiposity, liver enzymes, and hepatic steatosis, but most studies included a small number of subjects, were of relatively short-duration, and used surrogate markers of NAFLD. The best intermittent fasting regimen for NAFLD is not yet known, and further well-designed research that evaluates the feasibility (mainly on long-term), safety and efficacy outcomes of these dietary interventions is still needed. Our review has evaluated the up-to-date information regarding the intermittent fasting dietary intervention in NAFLD and generated some key-point messages that are relevant to physicians and dietitians involved in the care of patients with NAFLD.

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The Role of Intermittent Fasting in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Narrative Review

Cited by 22 publications

References 93 publications

Metabolomic Characteristics of Cecum Contents in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice Intervened with Different Fibers

Metabolomic Characteristics of Cecum Contents in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice Intervened with Different Fibers

Mitochondria: It is all about energy

Intermittent fasting for the management of NAFLD: Is there enough evidence?

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