The role of intergenerational educational mobility and household wealth in adult obesity: Evidence from Wave 2 of the World Health Organization’s Study on global AGEing and adult health

Lartey, Stella T.; Magnussen, Costan G.; Liu, Si; Graaff, Barbara de; Biritwum, Richard B.; Mensah, George; Yawson, Alfred Edwin; Minicuci, Nadia; Kowal, Paul; Boateng, Godfred O.; Palmer, Andrew J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208491

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Upwardly mobile participants were more likely to fall into obesity than participants remaining in stable low social class. The associations observed in our study were consistent with previous studies in low-middle income countries showing positive correlation between life-course SES and obesity(31, 32). For example, a cross-sectional study in five middle-income countries (China, South Africa, India, Russia, and Mexico) found that life-course stable high or declining SES was associated with increased risks of overweight/obesity(31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Life-course social disparities in body mass index trajectories across adulthood: cohort study evidence from China Health and Nutrition Survey

Dang

Rong

Duan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: The social disparities in obesity may originate in early life and adult social class. There are various developmental trajectories of overweight/obesity in adulthood. It is unclear how the intergenerational mobility of socioeconomic status influences adult overweight/obesity in China. Methods: We used longitudinal data from ten waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) between 1989 and 2015 for our analysis. The group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify BMI trajectories in adulthood. Multinomial logistic regression was adopted to assess the associations between SES and adult BMI trajectories. Results: Among a total of 3,138 participants, three latent clusters, including normal-stable BMI (51.4%), progressive overweight group (39.8%), and progressive obesity group (8.8%), were identified. High father's occupational position, high participants’ occupation position and educational attainment, respectively, were associated with greater obesity risk. Compared to a stable low life course SES trajectory, a stable high life course SES trajectory was associated with a 2.35-fold risk of obesity, and upward and downward social mobility trajectories increased the risk for overweight/obesity. Individuals in the highest relative to the lowest life course cumulative socioeconomic score group had around twice risk of obesity. Conclusions: The results emphasize the role of the high SES in early life and life-course SES accumulation, in the obesity intervention in China. Funding:All the work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 72174167, 81602928) and Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi (2021JM-031).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Life-course social disparities in body mass index trajectories across adulthood: cohort study evidence from China Health and Nutrition Survey

Dang

Rong

Duan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Even though household wealth is sometimes seen as a poor index for household consumption or expenditure, there has been a consistent lack of data in most low-and middle-income countries to measure the long-term economic status [39–42]. In this study, household wealth was constructed using principal component analysis from 22 items that considered assets and the derived variable was indexed into five quintiles [43].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in older Ghanaian adults from 2007-2015: Evidence from WHO-SAGE Waves 1 & 2

et al. 2019

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Background Studies on changes in the prevalence and determinants of obesity in older adults living in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. We examined recent changes in obesity prevalence and associated factors for older adults in Ghana between 2007/08 and 2014/15. Methods Data on adults aged 50 years and older in Ghana were drawn from the WHO SAGE 2007/08 (Wave 1; n = 4158) and 2014/15 (Wave 2; n = 1663). The weighted prevalence of obesity, overweight, normal weight and underweight, and of high central adiposity were compared in 2007/08 and 2014/15. Multinomial and binomial logistic regressions were used to examine whether the determinants of weight status based on objectively measured body mass index and waist circumference changed between the two time periods. Results The prevalence of overweight (2007/08 = 19.6%, 95% CI: 18.0–21.4%; 2014/15 = 24.5%, 95% CI: 21.7–27.5%) and obesity (2007/08 = 10.2%, 95% CI: 8.9–11.7%; 2014/15 = 15.0%, 95% CI: 12.6–17.7%) was higher in 2014/15 than 2007/08 and more than half of the population had high central adiposity (2007/08 = 57.7%, 95% CI: 55.4–60.1%; 2014/15 = 66.9%, 95% CI: 63.7–70.0%) in both study periods. While the prevalence of overweight increased in both sexes, obesity prevalence was 16% lower in males and 55% higher in females comparing 2007/08 to 2014/15. Female sex, urban residence, and high household wealth were associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity and high central adiposity. Those aged 70+ years had lower odds of obesity in both study waves. In 2014/15, females who did not meet the recommended physical activity were more likely to be obese. Conclusion Over the 7-year period between the surveys, the prevalence of underweight decreased and overweight increased in both sexes, while obesity decreased in males but increased in females. The difference in obesity prevalence may point to differential impacts of past initiatives to reduce overweight and obesity, potential high-risk groups in Ghana, and the need to increase surveillance.

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“…Additionally, since the index is relative and country-specific, it does not explain the association of absolute wealth gains (such as savings or debt) across the life course with health outcomes. Such studies have been attempted in a limited way across geographies such as in the analysis of cross-sectional measures of income (such as gross national income per capita adjusted for purchasing power parity) or household wealth with child height and adult overweight ( Karra et al, 2017 ; Lartey et al, 2019 ; Paciorek et al, 2013 ; Templin et al, 2019 ). The positive association between wealth and BMI in adulthood in Guatemala, India and Philippines is consistent with wider literature that suggests countries earlier in the nutrition transition exhibit a positive association between socioeconomic position and BMI ( Templin et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in asset-based wealth across the life course in birth cohorts from five low- and middle-income countries

Varghese

Adair

Patel

et al. 2021

SSM - Population Health

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Background Temporally-harmonized asset-based measures of wealth can be used to study the association of life-course wealth exposures in the same scale with health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The within-individual longitudinal stability of asset-based indices of wealth in LMICs is poorly understood. Methods Using data from five birth cohorts from three continents, we developed temporally-harmonized asset indices over the life course through polychoric principal component analysis of a common set of assets collected consistently over time (18 years in Brazil to 50 years in Guatemala). For each cohort, we compared the harmonized index to cross-sectional indices created using more comprehensive asset measures using rank correlations. We evaluated the rank correlation of the harmonized index in early life and adulthood with maternal schooling and own attained schooling, respectively. Results Temporally-harmonized asset indices developed from a consistently-collected set of assets (range: 10 in South Africa to 30 in Philippines) suggested that mean wealth improved over time for all birth cohorts. Cross-sectional indices created separately for each study wave were correlated with the harmonized index for all cohorts (Brazil: r = 0.78 to 0.96; Guatemala: r = 0.81 to 0.95; India: 0.75 to 0.93; Philippines: r = 0.92 to 0.99; South Africa: r = 0.84 to 0.96). Maternal schooling (r = 0.15 to 0.56) and attained schooling (r = 0.23 to 0.53) were positively correlated with the harmonized asset index in childhood and adulthood respectively. Conclusions Temporally-harmonized asset indices displayed coherence with cross-sectional indices as well as construct validity with schooling.

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The role of intergenerational educational mobility and household wealth in adult obesity: Evidence from Wave 2 of the World Health Organization’s Study on global AGEing and adult health

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Life-course social disparities in body mass index trajectories across adulthood: cohort study evidence from China Health and Nutrition Survey

Life-course social disparities in body mass index trajectories across adulthood: cohort study evidence from China Health and Nutrition Survey

Rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in older Ghanaian adults from 2007-2015: Evidence from WHO-SAGE Waves 1 & 2

Changes in asset-based wealth across the life course in birth cohorts from five low- and middle-income countries

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