The role of interagency cooperation in managing for viable populations

Salwasser, Hal; Schonewald-Cox, C.; Baker, Richard

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511623400.010

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Management and conservation efforts should not be constrained by political boundaries but, instead, should incorporate ecosystem considerations for predator and prey habitat, protect connectivity of regions, and prevent further degradation of regions that already have been severely fragmented. Adequate planning and cooperation among agencies are in the best interest of conservation (Bleich et al 1996, Salwasser et al 1987, and are necessary to ensure the persistence of mountain lions as humans further dominate the landscape of California.…”

Section: Conclusion and Conservation Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ernest

Boyce

Bleich

et al. 2003

Conservation Genetics

111

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Section: Conclusion and Conservation Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ernest

Boyce

Bleich

et al. 2003

Conservation Genetics

111

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“…Thus, the montane landscape and its headwaters quite literally form the water tower of the continent. This region has been referred to as the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (Salwasser et al. , 1987), the Northern Rocky Mountain Province (Bailey, 1995), and the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem (Hayden, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern and Process in Northern Rocky Mountain Headwaters: Ecological Linkages in the Headwaters of the Crown of the Continent¹

Hauer

Stanford

Lorang

2007

J American Water Resour Assoc

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The Crown of the Continent is one of the premiere ecosystems in North America containing Waterton‐Glacier International Peace Park, the Bob Marshall‐Great Bear‐Scapegoat Wilderness Complex in Montana, various Provincial Parks in British Columbia and Alberta, several national and state forest lands in the USA, and Crown Lands in Canada. The region is also the headwater source for three of the continent’s great rivers: Columbia, Missouri and Saskatchewan that flow to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, respectively. Headwaters originate in high elevation alpine environs characterized by high snow accumulations in winter and rainstorms in summer. Most headwaters of the region contain high quality waters with few ions in solution and extremely low nutrient concentrations. Alpine streams have few species of aquatic organisms; however, they often possess rare species and have hydrogeomorphic features that make them vulnerable to climatic change. Subalpine and valley bottom streams of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem (CCE) flow through well forested watersheds. Along the elevation gradient, the streams and rivers of the CCE flow through series of confining and nonconfining valleys resulting in distinct canyon and floodplain reaches. The alluvial floodplains are characterized by high species diversity and bioproduction maintained by the hydrologic linkages of habitats. The streams and rivers of the CCE have low nutrient concentrations, but may be significantly affected by wildfire, various resource extraction activities, such as logging or mining and exurban encroachment. Wildfire has been shown to increase nutrient loading in streams, both during a fire and then following the fire for as much as 5 years. Logging practices increase nutrient loading and the algal productivity of stream periphyton. Logging and associated roads are also known to increase sediment transport into Crown of the Continent streams directly affecting spawning success of native trout. The CCE is one of the fastest growing regions in the USA because of the many recreational amenities of the region. And, while the region has many remarkably pristine headwater streams and receiving rivers, there are many pending threats to water quality and quantity. One of the most urgent threats comes from the coal and gas fields in the northern part of the Crown of the Continent, where coal deposits are proposed for mountain‐top removal and open‐pit mining operations. This will have significant effects on the waters of the region, its native plants and animals and quality of life of the people.

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“…Blackburn and Gaston (1997) concluded that density estimates among mammals are generally not comparable because study areas are determined more by investigator needs than by biological factors, and sampling methods between smalland large-bodied species are fundamentally dierent. Such patterns of distribution and abundance, revealed through synthesis, call into question the eectiveness of reserve design and wildlife management policy (Schonewald-Cox 1983;Salwasser et al 1988;SchonewaldCox et al 1988;Schonewald-Cox and Buechner 1991). What other patterns might be found by synthesizing information reported along with density estimates?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study design and interpretation of mammalian carnivore density estimates

Smallwood¹,

Schonewald

1998

Oecologia

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Ecological theory and wildlife management often depend on reliable comparison and interpretation of population density estimates. A synthesis of 1,772 mammalian carnivore population estimates (713 unique to reference, species, site, and size of study area) from 74 species revealed global patterns among aspects of study and interpretive design that undermine the reliability and usefulness of density comparisons. The spatial extent of the study area could explain most of the variation in density, probably because study areas are typically delineated around population clusters. We related the scale-defined density estimates (regression residuals) to 28 other variables measured from the published literature, but none provided convincing biological explanation of the variation in density. Many aspects of study and interpretive design were possibly ill-suited to identifying the factor(s) influencing density. Study attributes and findings were reported inconsistently, and were subject to ideological motivations. Descriptions of vegetation were most difficult to relate to density. More intensive sampling and estimation methods produced above-average density estimates, but the differences were slight and the evidence lacking for concluding whether these more intensive methods were also more accurate. The first underlying factor extracted from principle-components analysis described the growing recognition of population declines and range reductions among large-bodied carnivores, which has also influenced study design. Another factor described an increasing trend for density to be compared and extrapolated to larger areas, but without adjusting for the effect of scale. To understand the factors influencing carnivore distribution and abundance, sampling and reporting methods (e.g., site description with maps) will need to represent the available pool of species, locations, and ecological conditions at larger-than-conventional spatial and temporal scales.

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The role of interagency cooperation in managing for viable populations

Cited by 36 publications

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Pattern and Process in Northern Rocky Mountain Headwaters: Ecological Linkages in the Headwaters of the Crown of the Continent¹

Study design and interpretation of mammalian carnivore density estimates

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The role of interagency cooperation in managing for viable populations

Cited by 36 publications

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Pattern and Process in Northern Rocky Mountain Headwaters: Ecological Linkages in the Headwaters of the Crown of the Continent1

Study design and interpretation of mammalian carnivore density estimates

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Pattern and Process in Northern Rocky Mountain Headwaters: Ecological Linkages in the Headwaters of the Crown of the Continent¹