“… Zheng et al, [ 45 ] | 1990–2018 | N-11 countries | CS-ARDL method | NAT, HC, URB, and IQ have a positive effect on the environment |
Ren, [ 46 ] | 1995–2018 | Next Eleven nations (N-11) | CS-ARDL method | IQ and RE mitigate the CO2 |
Liu et al, [ 47 ] | 1996–2020 | China | ARDL | Environmental impact is considerably reduced when high-quality institutions and renewable energy sources are used. |
Amin et al, [ 48 ] | 2008–2020 | 10 European nations | System GMM | natural resources, institutional quality, trade openness, and FDI have a substantial impact on economic development |
Xu et al, [ 49 ] | 2001–2019 | 24 African nations | CCEMG and AMG test | eco-friendly technical advancement and institutional quality reduces CO2 |
Shabaz et al, [ 50 ] | 1960–2020 | South Africa | autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) simulation | energy consumption, FDI, and industrial value-added contribute to ecological deterioration |
Shabir et al [ 33 ] | 1960–2020 | BRICS countries | CS-ARDL Approach | Environmental policy, green innovation, and RERD help to reduce CO2 emissions |
Makhdum et al, [ 26 ] | 2000–2017 | China | QARDL Approach | Connection between ecological footprints and eco-innovation, green funding, and environmental policy strictness |
Jahanger et al, [ 21 ] |
…”