The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation.

Abstract

In an era marked by the escalating implications of climate change, the importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) cannot be overemphasised. This paper elucidates the multifaceted roles of ICT in both the mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. On the mitigation front, ICT offers tools for monitoring and modelling greenhouse gas emissions, optimising energy consumption, and facilitating the transition to renewable energy sources. In terms of adaptation, ICT enhances the prediction and management of climate-induced risks, supports real-time communication during extreme weather events, and aids in the planning and implementation of resilient infrastructure. Moreover, ICT bolsters the communication of climate science to diverse audiences, fostering education and advocacy. However, while the potential of ICT is significant, challenges such as e-waste, energy consumption of data centres, and digital divides necessitate holistic strategies to maximise ICT’s positive impact. This paper underscores the need for informed policy-making, integration with traditional ecological knowledge, and interdisciplinary collaboration to leverage ICT effectively in the global climate response.