The role of inferior frontal cortex in belief-bias reasoning: An rTMS study

Tsujii, Takeo; Masuda, Shinya; Akiyama, Takekazu; Watanabe, Shigeru

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.03.021

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In support of this idea, other studies have shown that when perceiving human bodies and granting them some type of social knowledge, this region is functionally connected with the inferior frontal cortex in BA 45 (Greven et al, 2016). This region was also observed in this contrast and related to combining logical reasoning and personal beliefs (Tsujii et al, 2010). Activation in BA 38 and BA 45 bounded with BA 47 relates to learning concepts, autobiographical memory, and emotional cognition (Markowitsch et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The function of Brodmann 8 is related to imagined heard speeches (Tian et al, 2016) and inhibition of somato-motor processes while performing conflictive tasks. Additionally, BA 45 is related to logical reasoning by inhibiting beliefs-bias explanations (Tsujii et al, 2010) and regulates a kind of analogic intelligence to relate concepts and information (Geake and Hansen, 2005). These processes may be more salient while reading The Lord's Prayer than The Franciscan Prayer since the first one implies more categorical religious elements that conflict with atheist perspectives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Franciscan Prayer Elicits Empathic and Cooperative Intentions in Atheists: A Neurocognitive and Phenomenological Enquiry

et al. 2017

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Religiosity influences the alleviation of troubles through cooperative and empathic attitudes, but these involve a sense of community offered in non-religious support groups and healthcare institutions too, where individual's spiritual well-being is based on responsibility and solidarity. This is the case of the Alcoholic Anonymous program adopted by several care initiatives, which use the Franciscan Prayer as a fundamental text representing a western epistemic meaning-making system to provide guidance for cooperation and empathy. We aimed to identify the effect of the Franciscan Prayer on the neurocognitive function and emotional-social experiences in 20 persons declared as atheist (M age = 22.85 ± 2.60 years). Spiritual profiles, acceptance of religion, and dispositional empathy were psychometrically evaluated. Functional images were acquired in a 3 T scanner to identify BOLD signals while reading The Franciscan Prayer, The Lord's Prayer representing a culturally known religious text with no Franciscan elements, and a birthday serenade representing a culturally known non-religious text. Phenomenological interviews were performed to categorize emotional experiences and social situations associated with reading each text. Results show that spiritual well-being and empathic dispositions are not allied with religious beliefs. The reading of The Franciscan Prayer was correlated with activation in primary motor and premotor cortices, parietal primary and integrative areas, and occipital primary and associative cortices. These motor and sensorial functions might be essential for the empathic attitudes expressed in the Franciscan tradition allowing cooperative actions. This is congruent with the participant's experiences of wellness, reciprocity, responsibility, and helping evoked by this prayer. The Lord's Prayer was correlated with activation in prefrontal regions, as well as, in anterior and posterior portions of the cingulate cortex. These activations may imply mnemonic and moral processes that may be needed for conflict valuations based on childhood and cultural memories evoked by the participants. As testimonies indicate, disgust, confusion, or criticisms were associated with the religious property of the text. We conclude that thoughts, emotions, and actions evoked by The Franciscan Prayer are not inclined by its religious quality but by its empathic and cooperative properties, which may allow for self-reflection and social actions needed for support groups. inTrODUcTiOn A number of studies have reported the influence of religiosity on comfort and alleviation when facing physical, mental, or emotional disorders. Particularly, praying and meditation may elicit psychological states that favor the development of attitudes, such as forgiveness and acceptance, which increase perceived well-being and a sense of control over the uncertainty of illness (Koenig, 2009;Vess et al., 2009;Caixeta et al., 2012;Grossoehme et al., 2013;Torges et al., 2013). These so-called spiritual elements are not only related to a belief in...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Franciscan Prayer Elicits Empathic and Cooperative Intentions in Atheists: A Neurocognitive and Phenomenological Enquiry

et al. 2017

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“…The second aim of the present study was to demonstrate recent findings of rTMS studies in our laboratory which elucidated the roles of the inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and the superior parietal lobule (SPL) in human deductive reasoning (Tsujii et al, 2010a(Tsujii et al, , 2011a. Especially, we adopted an off-line rTMS method in which lowfrequency rTMS is delivered to a specific brain area over several minutes to disrupt normal functioning of this area transiently after stimulation (Devlin et al, 2003;Hamidi et al, 2008Hamidi et al, , 2009Hilgetag et al, 2001;Miller et al, 2008;Robertson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Fig 1 Materials Design Of the Belief-bias Effectmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For example, Devlin et al (2003) delivered low-frequency (1Hz) magnetic stimulation at IFC region for 10 min and found that the semantic processing was disrupted in a semantic decision task. In the first experiment, we examine the effect of low-frequency magnetic stimulation at IFC region on performance of congruent and incongruent reasoning performance (Tsujii et al, 2010a). In the second experiment (Tsujii et al, 2011a), we investigated the effect of rTMS at SPL (superior parietal lobule) on the performance of abstract reasoning in which semantic content was lacking (e.g., "All P is B").…”

Section: Tms Study In Deductive Reasoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stimulation sites of IFC and SPL were presented in Fig. 4. Tsujii et al (2010a) examined the role of IFC in belief-bias reasoning using rTMS approach. Subjects participated in a belief-bias reasoning task for 10 min (pre-test), then received lowfrequency (1 Hz) rTMS in the left or right IFC for 10 min, and finally performed a reasoning task again for 10 min (post-test).…”

Section: Tms Study In Deductive Reasoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural Mechanisms for Dual-Process Reasoning: Evidence from the Belief-Bias Effect

Tsujii¹,

Sakatani²

2012

Advances in Brain Imaging

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Reward anticipation in the adolescent and aging brain

Lorenz

Gleich

Beck

et al. 2014

Human Brain Mapping

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Processing of reward is the basis of adaptive behavior of the human being. Neural correlates of reward processing seem to be influenced by developmental changes from adolescence to late adulthood. The aim of this study is to uncover these neural correlates during a slot machine gambling task across the lifespan. Therefore, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate 102 volunteers in three different age groups: 34 adolescents, 34 younger adults, and 34 older adults. We focused on the core reward areas ventral striatum (VS) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), the valence processing associated areas, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula, as well as information integration associated areas, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Results showed that VS and VMPFC were characterized by a hyperactivation in adolescents compared with younger adults. Furthermore, the ACC and insula were characterized by a U-shape pattern (hypoactivation in younger adults compared with adolescents and older adults), whereas the DLPFC and IPL were characterized by a J-shaped form (hyperactivation in older adults compared with younger groups). Furthermore, a functional connectivity analysis revealed an elevated negative functional coupling between the inhibition-related area rIFG and VS in younger adults compared with adolescents. Results indicate that lifespan-related changes during reward anticipation are characterized by different trajectories in different reward network modules and support the hypothesis of an imbalance in maturation of striatal and prefrontal cortex in adolescents. Furthermore, these results suggest compensatory age-specific effects in fronto-parietal regions.

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The role of inferior frontal cortex in belief-bias reasoning: An rTMS study

Cited by 40 publications

References 28 publications

The Franciscan Prayer Elicits Empathic and Cooperative Intentions in Atheists: A Neurocognitive and Phenomenological Enquiry

The Franciscan Prayer Elicits Empathic and Cooperative Intentions in Atheists: A Neurocognitive and Phenomenological Enquiry

Neural Mechanisms for Dual-Process Reasoning: Evidence from the Belief-Bias Effect

Reward anticipation in the adolescent and aging brain

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