“…Apart from its well-recognized function, it is evident that IDO plays an important role in suppressing the proliferation and differentiation of effector T cells (Frumento et al, 2002), and inducing tolerance by enhancing the suppressor activity of regulatory T cells (Muller et al, 2005;Sharma et al, 2009). The roles of IDO in tolerance induction have been seen in many scenarios, including mammalian pregnancy (Munn, 1998), transplantation (Palafox et al, 2010), chronic infections (Romani et al, 2008), autoimmune disease (Platten et al, 2005), tumor resistance (Munn and Mellor, 2007;Gasparri et al, 2008), and asthma (van der Sluijs et al, 2013). IDO also gives rise to tumor cells that have tolerance against tumorassociated antigens.…”