The rôle of indole-3-acetic acid accumulation by alpha methyl tryptophan-resistant mutants of Pseudomonas savastanoi in gall formation on oleanders

Smidt, Mary L.; Kosuge, Tsune

doi:10.1016/0048-4059(78)90035-8

Cited by 124 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Induction of tumor formation by P. syringae pv. savastanoi on olive and oleander requires bacterial production of IAA (12,49). As observed for crown gall cells, P. syringae pv.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A mutation in the indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis pathway of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae affects growth in Phaseolus vulgaris and syringomycin production

Mazzola

White

1994

J Bacteriol

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Homologs of the genes for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis from Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi were retrieved from a genomic library of P. syringae pv. syringae, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Sequence relatedness between the P. syringae pv. syringae and P. syringae pv. savastanoi iaa operons is greater than 901% within the iaaM and iaaH loci but declines dramatically at a position approximately 200 bp 5' of the iaaM translation initiation codon. A third open reading frame was detected downstream of iaaH. Production of LIA was undetectable in mutant strain Y30-53.29, which was generated by transposition of TnS into the iaaM gene of P. syringae pv. syringae Y30. The IAA-deficient (LA-) mutant retained the ability to colonize the bean phylloplane and induced disease symptoms on bean which were similar to those produced by the parental strain. However, the population dynamics of the IAA-strain during the parasitic phase in leaves differed from those of both the parental strain and the mutant genetically restored for IAA biosynthesis. The mutant was capable of inducing disease symptoms when established in bean tissues at a lower initial cell density than either LIA-producing strain. Syringomycin biosynthesis by the IAA-strain was diminished in comparison with the parental strain or the mutant genetically restored for LIA production. The results indicate that bacterially derived IAA, or its biosynthesis, is involved in the regulation of in planta growth and in the expression of other factors that affect the host-pathogen interaction.The ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is widespread among soil and plant-associated microorganisms (17,25). Among phytopathogenic bacteria, production of IAA has been shown to play a causal role in the development of hyperplastic disease symptoms that are induced by certain species of bacteria. Production of IAA by plant cells after transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes is directed by the T-DNA genes and was shown to be a determinant for induction of hypertrophic plant growth after incorporation and expression within the host cells (1,51,55). These transformed plant cells produce IAA from L-tryptophan via the intermediate indole-3-acetamide (IAM). In this pathway, the enzyme tryptophan-2-monooxygenase catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan to IAM, and the conversion of IAM to IAA is catalyzed by the enzyme indoleacetamide hydrolase. Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi also induces hyperplasia on its plant host, with symptoms varying from knots on oleander and olive to bark blisters and wart-like formations on ash (19). Induction of tumor formation by P. syringae pv. savastanoi on olive and oleander requires bacterial production of IAA (12, 49). As observed for crown gall cells, P. syringae pv. savastanoi produces IAA via the IAM pathway, and the genetic determinants for tryptophan-2-monooxygenase and indoleacetamide hydrolase (iaaM and iaaH, respectively) are part of an operon with iaaM promoter proximal (59). E...

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“…Induction of tumor formation by P. syringae pv. savastanoi on olive and oleander requires bacterial production of IAA (12,49). As observed for crown gall cells, P. syringae pv.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A mutation in the indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis pathway of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae affects growth in Phaseolus vulgaris and syringomycin production

Mazzola

White

1994

J Bacteriol

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“…savastanoi (Smith) Stevens incites a disease of oleander (Nerium oleander L.) and olive (Olea europa L.) that is characterized by tumorous outgrowths on the stems and leaves of infected plants (21,26,27). This development of galls is dependent on bacterial production of the phytohormone indoleacetic acid (IAA) (6,23). The two enzymes involved in the conversion of tryptophan to IAA are tryptophan monooxygenase, which converts tryptophan to indoleacetamide, and indoleacetamide hydrolase, which catalyzes the conversion of indoleacetamide to IAA (16,17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cloning of the gene for indoleacetic acid-lysine synthetase from Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi

Glass¹,

Kosuge²

1986

J Bacteriol

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The phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi incites the production of galls on olive and oleander plants. Gall formation is dependent on bacterial production of the phytohormone indoleacetic acid (IAA). The genetic determinants for IAA synthesis are located on a plasmid (pIAA) and are organized in an operon in oleander strains of the bacterium. P. syringae subsp. savastanoi further converts IAA to an amino acid conjugate, 3-inidole-acetyl-r-L-lysine (IAA-lysine). The gene for IAA-lysine synthetase (iaaL) was found on the IAA plasmid by screening pIAA deletion mutants for the ability to convert IAA to IAA-lysine. The iaaL locus was then cloned in the vector pUC8 from a bank of P. syringae subsp. savastanoi EW2009 plasmid DNA to construct recombinant plasmid pLG87. The specific activity of IAA-lysine synthetase in Escherichia coli transformed with pLG87 was 47 times higher than that of the enzyme extract from P. syringae subsp. savastanoi. The direction of transcription of the iaaL gene was determined to be opposite to that of the IAA operon. The location of the iaaL gene on pIAAl was mapped by TnS insertion mutagenesis to a 2.5-kilobasepair fragment 2 kilobase pairs from the IAA operon.Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi (Smith) Stevens incites a disease of oleander (Nerium oleander L.) and olive (Olea europa L.) that is characterized by tumorous outgrowths on the stems and leaves of infected plants (21,26,27). This development of galls is dependent on bacterial production of the phytohormone indoleacetic acid (IAA) (6, 23). The two enzymes involved in the conversion of tryptophan to IAA are tryptophan monooxygenase, which converts tryptophan to indoleacetamide, and indoleacetamide hydrolase, which catalyzes the conversion of indoleacetamide to IAA (16,17). IAA can be further metabolized to an amino acid conjugate, 3-indole-acetyl-e-L-lysine (IAA-lysine) (12, 13).The genes for tryptophan monooxygenase, iaaM, and indoleacetamide hydrolase, iaaH, are organized in an operon in P. syringae subsp. savastanoi (7,8,28); the iaaM locus is the first gene transcribed. In strains isolated from oleander galls, the IAA operon is located on a plasmid (pIAA) (6, 9). Oleander gall isolates selected for resistance to the tryptophan analog a-methyl tryptophan are often incapable of synthesizing IAA and cannot incite the production of galls when inoculated onto oleander plants (23). These avirulent IAA-mutants fall into two classes when surveyed for their plasmid composition: those that lack the IAA operon, either by the loss of the IAA plasmid or by deletion of the IAA genes, and those that contain insertions in the iaaM gene (6,8,9).Certain isolates of P. syringae subsp. savastanoi convert IAA to 13

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“…Subsequently, a proliferation of tissue follows the periphery of the cavity resulting in knot development (Smith, 1920;Surico, 1977). Tumor development is dependent on bacterial production of phytohormones indoleacetic acid and cytokinins (Comai & Kosuge, 1980;Iacobellis et al, 1994;Rodríguez-Moreno et al, 2008;Smidt & Kosuge, 1978;Surico et al, 1985). Besides, recent results have revealed that Psv strains contain two copies of all the genes involved in indoleacetic acid synthesis (Matas et al, 2009;Pérez-Martínez et al, 2008).…”

Section: Biology Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Control of Plant Diseases Caused by Phytopathogenic Bacteria: The Case of Olive Knot Disease Caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi

Quesada¹,

Penyalver²,

López³

2012

Plant Pathology

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The rôle of indole-3-acetic acid accumulation by alpha methyl tryptophan-resistant mutants of Pseudomonas savastanoi in gall formation on oleanders

Cited by 124 publications

References 22 publications

A mutation in the indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis pathway of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae affects growth in Phaseolus vulgaris and syringomycin production

A mutation in the indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis pathway of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae affects growth in Phaseolus vulgaris and syringomycin production

Cloning of the gene for indoleacetic acid-lysine synthetase from Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi

Epidemiology and Control of Plant Diseases Caused by Phytopathogenic Bacteria: The Case of Olive Knot Disease Caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi

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