The role of individual and personality factors in controlling risky behaviours related to AIDS: Proposing a causal model

Rezaei, Mansour; Zakiei, Ali; Reshadat, Sohyla; Ghasemi, Seyed Ramin

doi:10.1002/pmh.1361

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Apart from the FFM, clinical conceptualizations of maladaptive personality may explain people’s diverse reactions. Sensation seeking and neuroticism’s clinical manifestations predict many risk behaviors, including HIV-risk sexual behavior (Kalichman et al, 1998; Razei et al, 2017), so do antisocial and borderline personality disorder features (Adams et al, 2016; Kelley & Petry, 2000; Ladd & Petry, 2003). Because it relates to these disorders and sensation seeking, such findings implicate psychopathy.…”

Section: Health Behavior and Dark Personalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive and Dark Personality in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Predicting Health-Behavior Endorsement and the Appeal of Public-Health Messages

Blagov

2020

Social Psychological and Personality Science

142

193

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Who embraces directions to socially distance, boost hygiene, and protect others during a pandemic of contagious respiratory disease? Do differently phrased public-health messages appeal to different people? I based predictions on the five-factor, triarchic psychopathy, and Dark Triad models of normal-range and dark traits; the extended parallel process model (EPPM); and schema-congruence theory. In a survey of 502 online participants, normal-range traits (esp agreeableness and conscientiousness) predicted endorsement of social distancing and hygiene, as well as the appeal of health messages in general. Consistent with the EPPM, conscientiousness and neuroticism had an interaction. Dark traits (esp psychopathy, meanness, and disinhibition) predicted low endorsement of health behaviors and the intent to knowingly expose others to risk. Most participants preferred a message appealing to compassion (“Help protect the vulnerable…”), but dark traits predicted lower appeal of that message. Personality appears relevant to epidemiology and public-health communication in a contagious-disease context.

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Section: Health Behavior and Dark Personalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive and Dark Personality in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Predicting Health-Behavior Endorsement and the Appeal of Public-Health Messages

Blagov

2020

Social Psychological and Personality Science

142

193

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“…If the questionnaires are used in other cultures, it is necessary that re-standardization be undertaken. The literature 55 emphasizes that variables such as self-efficacy and health literacy should be taken into account in order to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS and to control risky behaviors. The results of this study will be helpful in assessing and measuring these variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A More Understanding about AIDS: Design and Assessment of Validity and Reliability of Several New Scales

2018

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Introduction: Given the high cost of AIDS, research on high-risk behaviors associated with AIDS is an essential requirement today. Therefore, the present study aimed to construct and standardize tests associated with AIDS-related risky behaviors. Methods: To assess the validity of the questionnaires, the experts’ viewpoints from different domains were qualitatively and quantitatively included. Additionally, to assess the reliability of the questionnaires, a sample of 31 subjects was selected and then examined on two separate occasions in a fortnight's time. Then, the validity and reliability of the instruments were assessed in a sample of 475 subjects. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that for AIDS health literacy and AIDS risk perception questionnaires two factors are extractable; while for the questionnaires of selfefficacy in controlling risk behavior and controlling risk behavior associated with AIDS one factor is extractable. Finally, 14 items were approved for each of the AIDS health literacy and self-efficacy in controlling risk behavior questionnaires; while 13 items were approved for each of the controlling risk behavior associated with AIDS and AIDS risk perception questionnaires. Each of the four questionnaires had a good internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha > 0.70). Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) amounts related to the test-retest reliability were greater than 0.80, which indicates the reliability of the instruments. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it was concluded that all four AIDSrelated questionnaires enjoyed acceptable validity and reliability.

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“…Despite the importance of the AIDS issue in the society and its growing prevalence in young people and adolescents in Iran, few studies have been conducted on AIDS-related issues in Iranian adolescents. Adolescents are at a greater risk of HIV/AIDS because of some predisposing factors, includ-The third part of the questionnaire was an AIDS health literacy scale developed and introduced by Rezai et al [17]. This scale consisted of five sub-scales, with 13 items each rated on six-point Likert scale ranged from zero to five ("not at all", "very low", and "low" to "some extent", "high", and "very high"); for example, "written subjects about AIDS in books and journals are perceptible" -higher scores in this questionnaire indicated higher health literacy.…”

Section: Data Gatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of social capital and AIDS health literacy with AIDS risk perception in adolescents

Gilan¹,

Ghasemi²,

Mohamadi³

et al. 2021

HIV & AIDS Review

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Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a major health challenge in recent decades. Poor health knowledge can lead to the faster transmission of HIV in the community. This study aimed to investigate the association of social capital and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) health literacy with AIDS risk perception in Iranian adolescents. Material and methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted with 354 high school students of Kermanshah city, the west part of Iran, selected by multi-stage sampling method. Respondents filled out social capital, HIV/AIDS health literacy, and AIDS risk perception questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 using Pearson correlation, regression, ANOVA, and independent t-tests. Results:The mean age of respondents was 17.02 ± 0.84 years. The results of independent t-test showed that girls had more scores in family social capital (p = 0.009) and school social capital domains (p = 0.001).There were a moderate and significant correlations between AIDS health literacy with family social capital (r = 0.178; p = 0.001) and AIDS risk perception (r = 0.317; p = 0.009). Also, regression analysis showed that 12.1% of variations in AIDS risk perception were explained by several variables of the study. Conclusions:Considering the relationship between AIDS health literacy and social capital with AIDS risk perception, it can be concluded that the increased power of visual and written analysis and understanding of adolescents, along with cohesion, respect, trust, and mutual understanding in the family, can be a protective factor against HIV disease.

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The role of individual and personality factors in controlling risky behaviours related to AIDS: Proposing a causal model

Abstract: Based on the results, it is recommended that the role of self-efficacy in controlling risky behaviours be considered as a strategy for preventing AIDS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Cited by 8 publications

References 57 publications

Adaptive and Dark Personality in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Predicting Health-Behavior Endorsement and the Appeal of Public-Health Messages

Adaptive and Dark Personality in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Predicting Health-Behavior Endorsement and the Appeal of Public-Health Messages

A More Understanding about AIDS: Design and Assessment of Validity and Reliability of Several New Scales

Association of social capital and AIDS health literacy with AIDS risk perception in adolescents

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