The role of immunotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma

Mondlane, Ercília Rita; Abreu-Mendes, Pedro; Martins, Diana; Cruz, Rui; Mendes, Fernando

doi:10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.0681

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Immunotherapy represents a relatively recent anti-cancer treatment and is gaining importance in various neoplasms (melanomas, carcinomas, and sarcomas) (Théon, 1998;Mondlane et al, 2021). Immunotherapy involves the enhancement of the immune system to detect and eliminate neoplastic cells, generating a durable response and effective regression (Mondlane et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perianal squamous cell carcinoma in a Quarter Horse colt

Melo

Ferreira

2022

RSD

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Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a squamous epithelial neoplasm. They are solitary tumors with indolent expansion, are locally invasive, and can be seen in any part of the body. The most commonly affected sites are the head, orbital region, and genitalia of horses. Solar irradiation is one of the main causes, especially in depigmented and hairless areas. SCC is the neoplasm most frequently described in equine species. Several treatments have been described in horses, usually associated with surgical excision with different adjuvant therapies, hoping for a better prognosis and a decrease in cancer-related morbidity. Since the recurrence rates are high, especially in regions that do not have an adequate safety margin after tumor removal, multimodality treatment is essential. The aim of this report was to describe a case of perianal SCC in a Quarter Horse colt clinically treated with the immunomodulatory drug imiquimod. A three-year-old, grey-haired, male Quarter Horse was examined for diagnosis and treatment of an ulcerative lesion in the perianal region. According to the owner's report, the lesion appeared approximately 16 months ago. Based on the medical history and clinical examination, SCC was suspected. To confirm the clinical diagnosis, a biopsy was performed. Histological examination showed infiltrative neoplastic proliferation from the epidermis, consisting of malignant keratinocytes associated with hyperkeratosis, neutrophilic infiltrate, and foci of ulceration. The underlying dermis exhibited an intense chronic inflammatory infiltrate. The findings were compatible with SCC. Due to the location and extension of the lesion, we decided to use immunomodulatory therapy with imiquimod. After 16 weeks of imiquimod application, the lesion completely regressed. The horse was clinically followed for two years, and no recurrence was identified.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perianal squamous cell carcinoma in a Quarter Horse colt

Melo

Ferreira

2022

RSD

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Section: Idh-1 and Idh-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In advanced renal cell carcinoma, immunotherapy also presents a therapeutic approach [30]. The combination of pembrolizumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib was analyzed and demonstrated that the ORR was 59.3% and the OS was 9.9% (PEM + AXI) [30,31]. A study with nivolumab in patients with refractory RCC demonstrated a median follow-up of 6.5 months, the median PFS was 4.2 months, and although the median OS was not reached, the ORR was 29%.…”

Section: Idh-1 and Idh-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Silva

Martins

Mendes

2022

Onco

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Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has emerged as a therapeutic option for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for patients that suffer from relapsed or high-risk disease, or patients ineligible for standard therapy. We aimed to study ICI as monotherapy and/or combined therapy (with chemotherapy (QT), for AML patients. The PRISMA statement was used. The literature used comprised clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews published within the last 7 years. The blockade of CTLA-4 presented a 42% of complete remission within AML. Nivolumab in high-risk AML showed a median recurrence-free survival (RFS) of 8.48 months. The same drug on relapsed hematologic malignancies after allogenic transplantation shows a 1-year OS of 56%. The use of prophylaxis post allogenic transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy), following checkpoint inhibition, demonstrated different baseline disease and transplantation characteristics when compared to no-PCTy patients, being 32% and 10%, respectively. CTLA-4 blockage was a worthy therapeutic approach in relapsed hematologic malignancies, presenting long-lasting responses. The approach to AML and myelodysplastic syndrome patients with ICI before allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the use of a graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis have shown improvement in the transplantation outcomes, and therefore AML treatment.

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“…Within these pathways, molecules such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) increase relevance by operating in different stages of T-cell activation and with different mechanism inhibition [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer When, How, and Why?

Pereira¹,

Martins

Mendes

2022

Biomedicines

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Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Alcohol and tobacco consumption, besides viral infections, are the main risk factors associated with this cancer. When diagnosed in advanced stages, HNC patients present a higher probability of recurrence or metastasising. The complexity of therapeutic options and post-treatment surveillance is associated with poor prognosis and reduced overall survival (OS). This review aims to explore immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), therapeutic vaccines, and oncolytic viruses) in HNC patients’ treatment, and to explore when, how, and why patients can benefit from it. The monotherapy with ICI or in combination with chemotherapy (QT) shows the most promising results. Compared to standard therapy, ICI are able to increase OS and patients’ quality of life. QT in combination with ICI demonstrates significant response rates and considerable long-term clinical benefits. However, the toxicity associated with this approach is still a hurdle to overcome. In parallel, the therapeutic vaccines directed to the Human Papilloma Virus are also efficient in increasing the antitumour response, inducing cellular and humoral immunity. Although these results demonstrate clinical benefits compared to standard therapy, it is also important to unravel the resistance mechanisms in order to predict the clinical benefit of immunotherapy.

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The role of immunotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma

Cited by 15 publications

References 63 publications

Perianal squamous cell carcinoma in a Quarter Horse colt

Perianal squamous cell carcinoma in a Quarter Horse colt

The Role of Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Immunotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer When, How, and Why?

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