The Role of Immune Cells in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

Li, Dan; Zheng, Lianwen; Zhao, Donghai; Xu, Ying; Wang, Yeling

doi:10.1007/s43032-021-00599-y

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 166 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…2 Defining the abundance and functional responses of immune cell subsets in peripheral blood throughout gestation has led to a better understanding of the intricate timing of pregnancy-induced changes in immune function and regulation. 2,27 Furthermore, identifying peripheral inflammatory markers during pregnancy can be useful to predict gestational age-dependent deviations associated with pathologies such as preterm birth, 28,29 spontaneous abortion, 30,31 restricted intrauterine growth, 32,33 and pre-eclampsia. 34,35 Prior studies have shown that adaptive immune cell responses are dampened throughout pregnancy whereas innate immune responses are heightened.…”

Section: The Immunolog Ic Al Clock Of Preg Nan C Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Monocytes and macrophages in pregnancy: The good, the bad, and the ugly*

True

Blanton

Sureshchandra

et al. 2022

Immunological Reviews

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A successful human pregnancy requires precisely timed adaptations by the maternal immune system to support fetal growth while simultaneously protecting mother and fetus against microbial challenges. The first trimester of pregnancy is characterized by a robust increase in innate immune activity that promotes successful implantation of the blastocyst and placental development. Moreover, early pregnancy is also a state of increased vulnerability to vertically transmitted pathogens notably, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Zika virus (ZIKV), SARS‐CoV‐2, and Listeria monocytogenes. As gestation progresses, the second trimester is marked by the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment that promotes fetal tolerance and growth while preventing preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, and other gestational complications. Finally, the period leading up to labor and parturition is characterized by the reinstatement of an inflammatory milieu triggering childbirth. These dynamic waves of carefully orchestrated changes have been dubbed the “immune clock of pregnancy.” Monocytes in maternal circulation and tissue‐resident macrophages at the maternal‐fetal interface play a critical role in this delicate balance. This review will summarize the current data describing the longitudinal changes in the phenotype and function of monocyte and macrophage populations in healthy and complicated pregnancies.

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Section: The Immunolog Ic Al Clock Of Preg Nan C Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Monocytes and macrophages in pregnancy: The good, the bad, and the ugly*

True

Blanton

Sureshchandra

et al. 2022

Immunological Reviews

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“…In the early stage of pregnancy, the stability at the maternal-fetal surface is complex and involves immunological processes, including activity of innate lymphocytes, macrophages, decidual dendritic cells, and T cells. All of these cells play a pivotal role in immune acceptance of the embryo, and hence they are also involved in adverse pregnancy outcomes such as the RIF pathomechanism [35]. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) were identified in human decidua as playing an important role in maternal-fetal interface immunity and were classified into two subsets: natural killer (NK) cells and non-cytotoxic helper ILCs (ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s).…”

Section: Immunological Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomolecular Markers of Recurrent Implantation Failure—A Review

Mrozikiewicz

Ożarowski

Jȩdrzejczak

2021

IJMS

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Currently, infertility affects 8–12% of reproductive age couples worldwide, a problem that also affects women suffering from recurrent implantation failure (RIF). RIF is a complex condition resulting from many physiological and molecular mechanisms involving dynamic endometrium–blastocyst interaction. The most important are the endometrial receptivity process, decidualization, trophoblast invasion, and blastocyst nesting. Although the exact multifactorial pathogenesis of RIF remains unclear, many studies have suggested the association between hormone level imbalance, disturbances of angiogenic and immunomodulatory factors, certain genetic polymorphisms, and occurrence of RIF. These studies were performed in quite small groups. Additionally, the results are inconsistent between ethnicities. The present review briefly summarizes the importance of factors involved in RIF development that could also serve as diagnostic determinants. Moreover, our review could constitute part of a new platform for discovery of novel diagnostic and therapeutic solutions for RIF.

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“…On the contrary, the dysregulation of peripheral or local immune system might lead to the occurrence of RSA. To date, changes of NK cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and ab T cells during heathy pregnancy and RSA have been extensively investigated (6); however, the role of gd T cells remains less characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated γδ T Cells With Higher CD107a Expression and Inflammatory Potential During Early Pregnancy in Patients With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

et al. 2021

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Previous studies have reported the involvement of γδ T cells in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA); however, both pathogenic and protective effects were suggested. To interrogate the role of γδ T cells in RSA, peripheral blood from RSA patients and healthy women with or without pregnancy were analyzed for γδ T cells by flow cytometry (n = 9–11 for each group). Moreover, the decidua from pregnant RSA patients and healthy controls (RSA-P and HC-P group, respectively) was simultaneously stained for γδ T cells by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and bulk sequenced for gene expression. Our results demonstrated that the frequencies of peripheral γδ T cells and their subpopulations in RSA patients were comparable to that in healthy subjects, but the PD1 expression on Vδ2+ cells was increased in pregnant patients. Furthermore, peripheral Vδ2+ cells in RSA-P patients demonstrated significantly increased expression of CD107a, as compared to that in pregnant healthy controls. In addition, RSA-P patients had higher proportion of IL-17A-secreting but not IL-4-secreting Vδ2+ cells compared to the control groups. In decidua, an inflammatory microenvironment was also evident in RSA-P patients, in which CCL8 expression and the infiltration of certain immune cells were higher than that in the HC-P group, as revealed by transcriptional analysis. Finally, although the presence of γδ T cells in decidua could be detected during pregnancy in both RSA patients and healthy subjects by multicolor IHC analysis, the expression of CD107a on γδ T cells was markedly higher in the RSA-P group. Collectively, our results indicated that the increased activation, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory potential of peripheral and/or local γδ T cells might be responsible for the pathogenesis of RSA. These findings could provide a better understanding of the role of γδ T cells in RSA and shed light on novel treatment strategies by targeting γδ T cells for RSA patients.

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The Role of Immune Cells in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

Cited by 52 publications

References 166 publications

Monocytes and macrophages in pregnancy: The good, the bad, and the ugly*

Monocytes and macrophages in pregnancy: The good, the bad, and the ugly*

Biomolecular Markers of Recurrent Implantation Failure—A Review

Activated γδ T Cells With Higher CD107a Expression and Inflammatory Potential During Early Pregnancy in Patients With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

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