The role ofin vitromethods as alternatives to animals in toxicity testing

Abstract

There is a transfer of toxicological data from primary in vivo animal studies to in vitro assays. The key element for designing an integrated in vitro testing strategy is summarized as follows: exposure modeling of chemical agents for in vitro testing; data gathering, sharing and read-across for testing a class of chemical; a battery of tests to assemble a broad spectrum of data on different mechanisms of action to predict toxic effects; and applicability of the test and the integrated in vitro testing strategies and flexibility to adjust the integrated in vitro testing strategies to test substance. While these methods will be invaluable if effective, more studies must be done to ensure reliability and suitability of these tests for humans.

Involvement of oxidative stress and cytoskeletal disruption in microcystin-induced apoptosis in CIK cells

“…The utilization of cell lines is relatively rapid, cost-effective, and can reduce, refine or replace (3R principle) acute lethality tests using animals (Segner, 2004;Castaño and Gómez-Lechón, 2005). In the recent decades, in vitro assays with cells have been applied for toxicity mechanism studies and are becoming of growing importance in mechanistic toxicology (Fryer and Lannan, 1994;Fent, 2001;Anadón et al, 2014).…”

Honey dilution impact on in vitro wound healing: Normoxic and hypoxic condition

“…Reepithelialization is a crucial process toward repair progression after dermal wounding and achieved by migration and proliferation of keratinocytes . Although, in vitro model have some limitations toward translational validation; however, monolayer scratch assay of keratinocytes is an elementary model to evaluate reepithelialization and consequences of various soluble drug formulations . In this regard, present finding on higher ( p ≤ 0.05) wound closure rate in 0.1% honey dilution under hypoxia as compared with normoxia is remarkable.…”

Alternative Animal Toxicity Testing of Chemical Warfare Agents

“…A schematic diagram showing the effects of warfare agents and use of 3Rs concept is shown in Figure 45.1. Anadon et al (2013) highlighted the value of in vitro testing in science. htm) eliminated the need for duplication of tests in each country before approval of or ban on a substance within Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, thus reducing animal use.…”