“…Twelve studies included patients who underwent orthopedic surgeries ( 16 , 18 , 24 , 27 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 38 , 41-43 , 45 ); 10 studies involved patients who underwent liver transplantation ( 5 , 7 , 26 , 29 , 31 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 46 , 48 ); 4 studies for cardiac surgical procedures ( 17 , 28 , 37 , 44 ); 3 studies on surgeries of multiple disciplines ( 9 , 14 , 30 ); and 1 study each on radical gastrectomy ( 47 ), surgical procedures for epithelial ovarian cancer ( 34 ), and radical surgical procedures for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ( 25 ). Sixteen studies included patients from North America ( 5 , 7 , 14 , 16-18 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 37-39 , 42 , 43 ), 8 studies from Europe ( 9 , 25 , 29 , 34 , 36 , 40 , 41 , 45 ), 5 from Asia ( 31 , 33 , 46-48 ), 2 from South America ( 24 , 26 ), and 1 from Israel ( …”