THE ROLE OF HYDROBIONTS AND BACTERIAL BIOFILMS IN SURVIVABILITY OF SAPROZOONOSES IN THE MARINE ECOSYSTEM (Literature Review)

Abstract

This review presented the problem of saprozoonoses survivability in the marine environment. It is shown that hydrobionts is one of the major infection transmission factors. But the marine environment is unfavorable for existence of pathogenic bacteria; therefore, one of the important issues is mechanisms disclosure allowing to explain the continued existence of pathogenic bacteria in the marine environment. Experimental studies on aquatic organisms, reflecting the coping mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria in the marine environment have been discussed. Information concerning processes of marine bacteria biofilm formation has been stated. It is shown that biofilms can be formed by bacteria of one type or form a community of developing from many species of microorganisms, such as bacteria, protozoa, fungi or algae. It is noted that in the natural habitats biofilms can cause serious environmental deterioration, since they are difficult to destroy. The literature review showed that the pathogenic bacteria survivability in the marine environment is possible due to development of a wide range of different hosts (microalgae, plants, mollusks, protozoans, crustaceans, etc.), as well as due to the formation of biofilms as mono- and mixed options on various surfaces, contributing to the preservation of their viability.