The Role of Human Papillomavirus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition in Men who Have Sex with Men: A Review of the Literature

Abstract

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Incidence rates of HPV infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are well documented and are several-fold higher than among HIV-uninfected individuals. Few studies have demonstrated an increased risk for acquiring HIV infection in those with HPV infection, and this risk seems to be higher when HPV strains are of high-risk oncogenic potential. The estimated prevalence of high-risk oncogenic HPV infection is highest in men who have sex with men (MSM), a particularly vulnerable group with high prevalence rates of HIV infection and other STIs. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the available literature on the role of HPV infection in HIV acquisition. Our review includes data from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.

Australian sexually transmissible infection and HIV testing guidelines for asymptomatic men who have sex with men 2014: a review of the evidence

“…129 There are few data regarding the impact of HPV infection and HIV acquisition. 130 In a recent meta-analysis of the association of HIV acquisition with HPV infection at a variety of anogenital sites, a significant association was identified. 131 Anal HPV infection was independently associated with HIV acquisition in the single included study that assessed anal infection among MSM.…”

Cancro Anal em Doentes com Infecção por VIH - Experiência do Hospital de Curry Cabral

“…[7][8][9] Assim, estima-se que mais de 80% dos HSH infectados pelo VIH têm infecção por HPV, 4 com uma prevalência de 22-34% de infecção por HPV de alto risco. 10 Estes achados relacionam-se com uma probabilidade cerca de 44 vezes maior de cancro do canal anal nesta população. 10 Na nossa amostra, todos os indivíduos eram do sexo masculino, tendo-se conseguido confirmar epidemiologia sexual de risco na maioria dos casos, nomeadamente homens com múltiplos parceiros do mesmo sexo.…”

“…10 Estes achados relacionam-se com uma probabilidade cerca de 44 vezes maior de cancro do canal anal nesta população. 10 Na nossa amostra, todos os indivíduos eram do sexo masculino, tendo-se conseguido confirmar epidemiologia sexual de risco na maioria dos casos, nomeadamente homens com múltiplos parceiros do mesmo sexo. Além desta, e da infecção por VIH, não foram apurados outros factores de risco.…”

“…10 Na nossa amostra, a presença de condilomatose, rectorragia, dor anal/ perianal foram frequentes, sendo de salientar um diagnóstico de cancro anal estabelecido após citologia do canal anal com detecção de HPV 16 em doente assintomático.…”

Factors Associated With Visible Anogenital Warts Among HIV-Uninfected Peruvian Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transwomen

“…Prevalence of HPV infection ranges from approximately 60% to almost 100% in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected MSM, respectively. 13,14 Although individuals infected with HPV may be more likely to acquire HIV, 15,16 the relationship between the clinical manifestation of HPV-anogenital warts-and HIV risk behaviors and acquisition is unknown. Studies have shown that although some risk factors such as number of recent male sex partners and both recent and a lifetime history of receptive anal intercourse are shared risk factors for HPV (but not necessarily genital warts) and HIV infection, 12,17,18 an association between anal HPV and unprotected anal intercourse has not always been observed.…”