The Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Infranuclear Facial Paralysis

Komolafe, Morenikeji; Fatusi, Olawunmi Adedoyin; Alatise, Olusegun Isaac; Komolafe, E O; Amusa, Y B; Adeolu, Augustine Abiodun; Durosinmi, M. A.

doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30885-3

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, since HIV is neurotoxic, it may result in peripheral nerve damage (Simpson, 1994) including damage to cranial nerves regulating the striated muscles of the face and head. Consistent with this hypothetical pathway, there is a report (Komolafe et al, 2009) that the extra-axial segment of the facial nerve is typically involved in the early stages of HIV infection. Since the facial nerve also innervates the muscles of the middle ear, damage to the facial nerve might also affect auditory processing making it difficult to extract human speech from background noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Atypical autonomic regulation, auditory processing, and affect recognition in women with HIV

Heilman

Harden

Weber

et al. 2013

Biological Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examined the effect of HIV on visceromotor (i.e., heart rate and heart rate variability) and somatomotor (i.e., auditory processing and affect recognition) components of a social engagement system defined by the Polyvagal Theory (Porges, 1995) that links vagal regulation of the heart with brainstem regulation of the striated muscles of the face and head. Relative to at risk HIV- seronegative women, HIV-seropositive women had less heart rate variability (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia) and had poorer performance on auditory processing and affect recognition tasks. CD4 was negatively correlated with the accuracy to detect specific emotions. The observed indices of atypical autonomic and behavioral regulation may contribute to greater difficulties in social behavior and social communication between HIV- infected women and other individuals in their social network.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Atypical autonomic regulation, auditory processing, and affect recognition in women with HIV

Heilman

Harden

Weber

et al. 2013

Biological Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mononeuropathies are common in HIV infection in Africa149. The most common are facial nerve palsy or Bell's palsy and neuropathy complicating reactivation of herpes zoster in dorsal root ganglia165–168. Facial nerve palsy occurs most frequently at or around the time of seroconversion after primary infection and during the asymptomatic phase of HIV infection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological disorders in HIV in Africa: a review

Howlett¹

2019

Afr H. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundNeurological disorders in HIV infection are a common cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative overview of up to date information concerning neurological disorders affecting HIV infected persons in Africa.MethodsSeminal research concerning neurological disorders among HIV-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa from prior to 2000 was combined with an in-depth search of PubMed to identify literature published from 2000 to 2017. The following Mesh terms were used. “Nervous System Diseases” “HIV Infections” and “Africa South of the Sahara” and “Seizures” or “Spinal Cord Diseases” or “Peripheral Nervous System Diseases” or “AIDS Dementia Complex” or “Opportunistic Infections” or “Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome” or “Stroke”. Only those articles written in English were used. A total of 352 articles were identified, selected and reviewed and 180 were included in the study. These included case series, observational studies, interventional studies, guidelines and reviews with metanalyses. The author also included 15 publications on the subject covering the earlier phase of the HIV epidemic in Africa from 1987 to 1999 making a total of 195 references in the study. This was combined with extensive personal experience diagnosing and treating these neurological disorders.ResultsNeurological disorders were common, typically occurring in WHO stages III/IV. These were in three main categories: those arising from opportunistic processes mostly infections, direct HIV infection and autoimmunity. The most common were those arising from direct HIV infection occurring in >50%. These included HIV-associated neurocognitive dysfunction (HAND), neuropathy and myelopathy. Opportunistic infections occurred in >20% and frequently had a 6–9-month mortality rate of 60–70%. The main causes were cryptococcus, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis and acute bacterial meningitis. Concurrent systemic tuberculosis occurred in almost 50%.ConclusionNeurological disorders are common in HIV in Africa and the main CNS opportunistic infections result in high mortality rates. Strategies aimed at reducing their high burden, morbidity and mortality include early HIV diagnosis and anti-retroviral therapy (ART), screening and chemoprophylaxis of main opportunistic infections, improved clinical diagnosis and management and programme strengthening.

show abstract

“…A Nigerian study showed the median age of occurrence to be 35.5 years, echoing studies in European settings [14]. A Togolese study of 150 individuals showed the average age of occurrence to be 31.4+/− 8.81 years [5].…”

Section: Age and Bell's Palsymentioning

confidence: 89%

HIV infection, seasonality and younger age predicting incident Bell’s palsy among black South Africans

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Although South Africa (SA) is facing a high prevalence of HIV infection, there is no literature from this region on a link between Bell’s palsy and HIV. The aim of this study was to identify the occurrence of Bell’s palsy in relation to demographics, seasons and HIV status among black South Africans. Methods This retrospective cohort was conducted among adult black patients, without Bell’s palsy in 2003, presenting to the neurology outpatients department at Dr. George Mukhari Academic hospital, Pretoria, South Africa, between 2004 (study baseline) and 2012 (end test). Gender, age, HIV status, and seasons were potential predictors of Bell’s palsy using Cox regression model and Kaplan Meier curves. Results From the baseline of 1487 patients, 20.9% (n = 311) experienced Bell’s palsy onset by the end of the study. In univariate analysis, male gender (RR = 2.1 95% CI 1.7–2.5; P < 0.0001), age less than 30 years (RR = 2.9 95% CI 2.4–3.6; P < 0.0001), HIV seropositivity (RR =2.9 95% CI 2.3–4.9; P < 0.0001). The highest incidence in winter (30.3% n = 136/450) vs. incidences during other seasons with Intermediate values during Summer (25.3% n = 136/450) and Autumn (20.7% n = 64/308) and the lowest incidence in Spring (23.7% n = 16/353) P < 0.0001) were predictors of Bell’s palsy. In multivariate analysis at adjusting for gender, the most significant and independent predictors of incident Bell’s palsy were HIV seropositivity (HR = 6.3 95% CI 4.8–8.3; P < 0.0001), winter (HR = 1.6 95% CI 1.2–2.1; P < 0.0001) vs. other seasons, and younger age < 30 years (HR = 7.1 95% CI 5.6–9.1; P < 0.0001) vs. older age groups. Conclusion Seasonality, younger age and HIV positivity are important and independent risk factors of Bell’s palsy. Education and awareness programs on the possible effects of HIV and seasons on the development of Bell’s palsy are necessary. This would lead to a better understanding and even a possible development of avoidance measures for this condition amongst young black South Africans.

show abstract

The Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Infranuclear Facial Paralysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Atypical autonomic regulation, auditory processing, and affect recognition in women with HIV

Atypical autonomic regulation, auditory processing, and affect recognition in women with HIV

Neurological disorders in HIV in Africa: a review

HIV infection, seasonality and younger age predicting incident Bell’s palsy among black South Africans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About