The role of human herpesvirus-6 and inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Keyvani, Hossein; Zahednasab, Hamid; Aljanabi, Hussain ali abraham; Asadi, Mohammad; Mirzaei, Rasoul; Esghaei, Maryam; Karampoor, Sajad

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577313

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Consistent with previous research, a high proportion of circulating CXCR5 + PD‐1 + Tfhs secreted abundance of IL‐21, 261 which contributed to the production of pathogenic autoantibody. 262 , 263 , 264 Correspondingly, a lower frequency of circulating Tfrs was correlated to the reduction of IL‐10 which might increase the severity of MS. 265 , 266 , 267 The findings suggested that improved IL‐10 secretion by circulating Tfrs may serve as a potential therapeutic target for patients with MS.…”

Section: Treg Subsets In Autoimmune Diseasementioning

confidence: 98%

Different subpopulations of regulatory T cells in human autoimmune disease, transplantation, and tumor immunity

Jiang

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2022

MedComm

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CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subpopulation of naturally CD4 + T cells that characteristically express transcription factor Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), play a pivotal role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and the prevention of autoimmunity. With the development of biological technology, the understanding of plasticity and stability of Tregs has been further developed. Recent studies have suggested that human Tregs are functionally and phenotypically diverse. The functions and mechanisms of different phenotypes of Tregs in different disease settings, such as tumor microenvironment, autoimmune diseases, and transplantation, have gradually become hot spots of immunology research that arouse extensive attention. Among the complex functions, CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + Tregs possess a potent immunosuppressive capacity and can produce various cytokines, such as IL‐2, IL‐10, and TGF‐β, to regulate immune homeostasis. They can alleviate the progression of diseases by resisting inflammatory immune responses, whereas promoting the poor prognosis of diseases by helping cells evade immune surveillance or suppressing effector T cells activity. Therefore, methods for targeting Tregs to regulate their functions in the immune microenvironment, such as depleting them to strengthen tumor immunity or expanding them to treat immunological diseases, need to be developed. Here, we discuss that different subpopulations of Tregs are essential for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies involving Tregs in human diseases.

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Section: Treg Subsets In Autoimmune Diseasementioning

confidence: 98%

Different subpopulations of regulatory T cells in human autoimmune disease, transplantation, and tumor immunity

Jiang

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2022

MedComm

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“…Infection of T cells by HHV-6A/B, in vitro, leads to the production of various proinflammatory mediators, including IFN-␥, granzyme B, chemokine receptor CCR9, and IL-17A (76). Patients with RRMS who are HHV-6 seropositive have significantly higher levels of TNF-␣, IFN-␥, IL-1␤, IL-6, and CCL-5 and significantly lower levels of IL-12, IL-10, and CCL-2, a cytokine profile indicating enhanced inflammation, than those who are seronegative (205).…”

Section: Immune Response To the Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Herpesviruses 6A and 6B in Brain Diseases: Association versus Causation

2020

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SUMMARY Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B), collectively termed HHV-6A/B, are neurotropic viruses that permanently infect most humans from an early age. Although most people infected with these viruses appear to suffer no ill effects, the viruses are a well-established cause of encephalitis in immunocompromised patients. In this review, we summarize the evidence that the viruses may also be one trigger for febrile seizures (including febrile status epilepticus) in immunocompetent infants and children, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, multiple sclerosis (MS), and, possibly, Alzheimer’s disease. We propose criteria for linking ubiquitous infectious agents capable of producing lifelong infection to any neurologic disease, and then we examine to what extent these criteria have been met for these viruses and these diseases.

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“…HHV-6 has also been implicated in autoimmune-caused events. HHV-6 infection may play a role in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis by changing cytokine signaling that may lead to peripheral in ammation (20). HHV-6 DNA-emia occurred more frequently in seronegative pediatric LT recipients, and HHV-6 cannot be ruled out as a cause of hepatitis in the absence of allograft tissue testing (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Significance of Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7 Infection in a Tertiary Hospital: a Case-Control Study

Borque

Galán

Romero

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundHuman herpesviruses (HHV)-6 and HHV-7 are ubiquitous viruses with a global seroprevalence of around 90%, but their pathogenic significance remains unclear. MethodsFor 2 years, at our center, the presence of HHV6 and 7 DNA was investigated by PCR assay in blood, CSF, or other fluids. Epidemiological and clinical variables were collected from these patients and compared with those obtained in a negative-control cohort. Molecular detection of herpesvirus was performed using The Clart Entherpex kit (Genomica, Coslada, Spain), allowing simultaneous detection and identification of the eight human herpesviruses (HSV-1 to HHV-8) and Enterovirus (echovirus, poliovirus, and coxsackievirus).ResultsAll patients, cases, and controls were immunocompromised and had similar baseline clinical conditions. For all of them, molecular amplification of HHV-6 or 7 was requested as a diagnostic complement from different clinical pictures, mainly neurological symptomatology (80%). Corticosteroid treatment and viral or bacterial co-infection were independently associated with HHV-6 or 7 infections. When the impact of both viruses was analyzed independently, it was confirmed that HHV-6 was independently associated with higher 1-year mortality. ConclusionHHV-6 replication in CSF or blood may be a surrogate marker of mortality in the medium term in immunocompromised patients.

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The role of human herpesvirus-6 and inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Different subpopulations of regulatory T cells in human autoimmune disease, transplantation, and tumor immunity

Different subpopulations of regulatory T cells in human autoimmune disease, transplantation, and tumor immunity

Human Herpesviruses 6A and 6B in Brain Diseases: Association versus Causation

Clinical Significance of Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7 Infection in a Tertiary Hospital: a Case-Control Study

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