The Role of HLA and KIR Immunogenetics in BK Virus Infection after Kidney Transplantation

Kamenarić, Marija Burek; Ivković, Vanja; Vojtušek, Ivana Kovačević; Žunec, Renata

doi:10.3390/v12121417

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…The occurrence of viral infections is shown to be closely related to an individual's genetic background (22)(23)(24). NK cells are fast- acting innate immune cells that provide a critical first line of defense by killing infected cells and producing pro-inflammatory cytokines (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The KIR2DL2/HLA-C1C1 Gene Pairing Is Associated With an Increased Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Shao

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent for the global COVID-19 pandemic; however, the interaction between virus and host is not well characterized. Natural killer cells play a key role in the early phase of the antiviral response, and their primary functions are dependent on signaling through the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR). This study measured the association between KIR/HLA class I ligand pairings and the occurrence and development of COVID-19. DNA of blood samples from 257 COVID-19 patients were extracted and used to detect KIR and HLA-C gene frequencies using single strain sequence-specific primer (SSP) PCR. The frequency of these genes was compared among 158 individuals with mild COVID-19, 99 with severe disease, and 98 healthy controls. The frequencies of KIR2DL2 (P=0.04, OR=1.707), KIR2DS3 (P=0.047, OR=1.679), HLA-C1C1 (P<0.001, OR=3.074) and the KIR2DL2/HLA-C1C1 pairing (P=0.038, OR=2.126) were significantly higher in the COVID-19 patients than the healthy controls. At the same time, the frequency of KIR2DL3+KIR2DL2-/HLA-C1+Others+ was lower in COVID-19 patients than in healthy individuals (P=0.004, OR=0.477). These results suggest that the protective effect of KIR2DL3 against SARS-CoV-2 infection is related to the absence of the KIR2DL2 gene. This study found no correlation between the frequencies of these genes and COVID-19 pathogenesis. Global statistical analysis revealed that the incidence of COVID-19 infection was higher in geographic regions with a high frequency of KIR2DL2. Together these results suggest that the KIR2DL2/HLA-C1C1 gene pairing may be a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The KIR2DL2/HLA-C1C1 Gene Pairing Is Associated With an Increased Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Shao

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…This is especially evident in the occurrence of viral reactivation. Traditional immunosuppressive therapies after solid organ transplant have been strongly implicated in the reactivation of Epstein–Barr virus, HBV, BK polyomavirus, and many more [ 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 ]. Overall, the potential immunosuppressive effects of PD-L1 must be further investigated, as it represents a promising alternative to current traditional immunosuppressive therapies.…”

Section: Pd-l1 Amelioration Of Gvhd Autoimmunity and Graft Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PD-L1’s Role in Preventing Alloreactive T Cell Responses Following Hematopoietic and Organ Transplant

Handelsman,

Overbey,

Chen

et al. 2023

Cells

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Over the past decade, Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) has emerged as a prominent target for cancer immunotherapies. However, its potential as an immunosuppressive therapy has been limited. In this review, we present the immunological basis of graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), followed by a summary of biologically relevant molecular interactions of both PD-L1 and Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1). Finally, we present a translational perspective on how PD-L1 can interrupt alloreactive-driven processes to increase immune tolerance. Unlike most current therapies that block PD-L1 and/or its interaction with PD-1, this review focuses on how upregulation or reversed sequestration of this ligand may reduce autoimmunity, ameliorate GVHD, and enhance graft survival following organ transplant.

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“…Other probabilities such as the annual incidence of acute rejection, development of dnDSA, utilities-based QoL, and test performance characteristics of the RT-PCR assays were sourced from published literature. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]…”

Section: Clinical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Evaluation of Screening for Polyomavirus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Cost-Utility Analysis

Wong

Myint

Lee

et al. 2022

Transplantation Direct

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Background: Screening for polyomavirus infection after kidney transplantation is recommended by clinical practice guidelines, but cost-effectiveness of this strategy is uncertain. The aim of this study was to estimate the incremental costs and benefits of routine screening for polyomavirus infection compared with no screening in kidney transplant recipients. Methods: Probabilistic Markov models were constructed to compare the health and economic benefits of routine screening for polyomavirus infection using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. A series of 1-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to define the most influential variables in the model. Results: Monthly screening for 6 mo followed by 3 monthly screenings until 12 mo after transplant was dominant (lower costs and improved outcomes). Compared with no screening, the incremental benefits of screening were 0.294 life-years saved and 0.232 quality-adjusted life-years saved. Total savings from screening were $6986 Australian dollars ($5057 US dollars). The cost-effectiveness ratios were most sensitive to the costs of transplantation and dialysis, age of transplantation, prevalence of viremia, and probability of death in patients with a history of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that screening (compared with no screening) was the dominant strategy across all plausible ranges of transition probabilities. Conclusions: Screening for polyomavirus infections 1 year following transplantation appears to save money, improves survival, and improves quality of life in kidney transplant recipients.

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The Role of HLA and KIR Immunogenetics in BK Virus Infection after Kidney Transplantation

Cited by 10 publications

References 126 publications

The KIR2DL2/HLA-C1C1 Gene Pairing Is Associated With an Increased Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

The KIR2DL2/HLA-C1C1 Gene Pairing Is Associated With an Increased Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

PD-L1’s Role in Preventing Alloreactive T Cell Responses Following Hematopoietic and Organ Transplant

Economic Evaluation of Screening for Polyomavirus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Cost-Utility Analysis

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