The Role of High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cerebrovascular Disease: A Narrative Review

Abstract

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) is the most important and popular vessel wall imaging technique for the direct assessment of vessel wall and cerebral arterial disease. It can identify the cause of stroke in high-risk plaques and differentiate the diagnosis of head and carotid artery dissection, including inflammation, Moya Moya disease, cerebral aneurysm, vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, blunt cerebrovascular injury, cerebral arteriovenous malformations, and other stenosis or occlusion conditions. Through noninvasive visualization of the vessel wall in vitro, quantified assessment of luminal stenosis and pathological features of the vessel wall can provide clinicians with further disease information. In this report, technical considerations of HRMRI are discussed, and current clinical applications of HRMRI are reviewed.

Percutaneous angioplasty and/or stenting versus aggressive medical therapy in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: a 1-year follow-up study

“…Despite the use of aggressive medical therapy, some patients remain at a high risk for stroke, particularly those with impaired hemodynamics (Amin-Hanjani et al, 2016;Wabnitz et al, 2018). sICAS is believed to be associated with plaque rupture, intraplaque hemorrhage, and thrombosis through various mechanisms such as impaired distal perfusion, arterial-arterial embolism, or perforator disease (Li et al, 2023). Aggressive medical therapy is more effective for patients whose only mechanism is arterial-arterial embolism or perforator disease than for patients whose mechanism is distal perfusion impairment (Bodle et al, 2013;Yaghi et al, 2019).…”

Immunohistochemical Study of Human Mitochondrial Ferritin in the Substantia Nigra Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

“…SAH accounts for approximately 5%–10% of all stroke cases, including ischemia and intracerebral hemorrhage [ 19 ]. The causes of SAH are aneurysm rupture, trauma, and genetic factors such as arteriovenous malformation and MoyaMoya disease [ 13 , 16 ], with the major cause being aneurysm rupture, accounting for 80% of cases, [ 19 ] and is the most frequent and critical trigger for SAH. The cause of cerebral aneurysms is not fully understood but is considered to be related to factors such as head trauma, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and smoking [ 5 , 11 ].…”