The role of heterotopy and heterochrony during morphological diversification of otocephalan epibranchial organs

Cohen, Karly E.; Ackles, Acacia L.; Hernández, L. Patricia

doi:10.1111/ede.12401

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Another process by which mucus may serve to aggregate and transport particles involves the epibranchial organs. Epibranchial organs are bilaterally paired muscular sac-like structures in the posterior oral cavity near the esophagus that aggregate small prey in at least five SF and detritivorous otomorphan fish families (e.g., many clupeid and engraulid species and two cyprinid species, Cohen et al, 2022). Epibranchial organs have abundant mucussecreting cells and chemosensory cells and appear to receive minute prey that have been transported along the rows of GRs that extend into the organs.…”

Section: A B Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, the epibranchial organs are thought to expel boli of food-laden mucus into the posterior pharynx for swallowing (Hansen et al, 2014;Cohen et al, 2020). Detailed studies on morphology, development, and evolution have only recently been conducted for a subset of the more than seven types of epibranchial organs that have been described (Cohen et al, 2022). Given that particle aggregation and transport are integral components of fish SF, the roles of mucus and the epibranchial organs in these processes deserve further study.…”

Section: A B Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particle separation mechanisms in suspension-feeding fishes: key questions and future directions

Sanderson

2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Key unresolved questions about particle separation mechanisms in suspension-feeding fishes are identified and discussed, focusing on areas with the potential for substantial future discovery. The published hypotheses that are explored have broad applicability to biological filtration and bioinspired improvements in commercial and industrial crossflow microfiltration processes and microfluidics. As the first synthesis of the primary literature on the particle separation mechanisms of marine, estuarine, and freshwater suspension-feeding fishes, the goals are to enable comparisons with invertebrate suspension-feeding processes, stimulate future theoretical and empirical studies, and further the development of biomimetic physical and computational fluid dynamics models. Of the eight particle separation mechanisms in suspension-feeding fishes, six have been proposed within the past twenty years (inertial lift and shear-induced migration, reduction of effective gap size by vortices, cross-step filtration, vortical flow along outer faces of gill raker plates, ricochet filtration, and lateral displacement). The pace of discovery is anticipated to continue accelerating. Multidisciplinary collaboration and integration among biologists and engineers (including chemical, mechanical, biomedical, and filtration engineering) will result in new perspectives to identify patterns and potential unifying mechanisms across the breadth of suspension-feeding fish taxa, morphology, and function.

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Section: A B Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A B Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle separation mechanisms in suspension-feeding fishes: key questions and future directions

Sanderson

2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…These three evolutionary mechanisms have been explored mainly across larger evolutionary scales and are proposed to underlie the origin of novel traits and the morphological variation in vertebrates [30][31][32][33]. However, to fully comprehend the contribution of heterochrony, heterotopy and heterometry to morphological diversity in mammals, there is a need for comparative studies that will investigate discrete molecular, cellular and developmental processes together with the underlying genetic background, across species and along the relevant developmental timeline.…”

Section: Key Evolutionary Mechanisms Modulating Ontogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary mechanisms modulating the mammalian skull development

Kyomen,

Murillo-Rincón,

Kaucká

2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Mammals possess impressive craniofacial variation that mirrors their adaptation to diverse ecological niches, feeding behaviour, physiology and overall lifestyle. The spectrum of craniofacial geometries is established mainly during embryonic development. The formation of the head represents a sequence of events regulated on genomic, molecular, cellular and tissue level, with each step taking place under tight spatio-temporal control. Even minor variations in timing, position or concentration of the molecular drivers and the resulting events can affect the final shape, size and position of the skeletal elements and the geometry of the head. Our knowledge of craniofacial development increased substantially in the last decades, mainly due to research using conventional vertebrate model organisms. However, how developmental differences in head formation arise specifically within mammals remains largely unexplored. This review highlights three evolutionary mechanisms acknowledged to modify ontogenesis: heterochrony, heterotopy and heterometry. We present recent research that links changes in developmental timing, spatial organization or gene expression levels to the acquisition of species-specific skull morphologies. We highlight how these evolutionary modifications occur on the level of the genes, molecules and cellular processes, and alter conserved developmental programmes to generate a broad spectrum of skull shapes characteristic of the class Mammalia. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The mammalian skull: development, structure and function’.

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“…We contend that the gizzard serves two simultaneous functions: particle aggregation and trituration. Aggregation is accomplished when food particles are trapped in the narrow lumen of the gizzard and bound by mucus, forming a kind of secondary bolus akin to particle aggregation by the epibranchial organ of otomorphan fishes (Cohen et al, 2018(Cohen et al, , 2022. According to Pos et al Pos et al (2021), aggregation and size reduction of food in gizzards are not successful without mucus.…”

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

True grit? Comparative anatomy and evolution of gizzards in fishes

Arnette,

Simonitis,

Egan

et al. 2023

Journal of Anatomy

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Gut morphology frequently reflects the food organisms digest. Gizzards are organs of the gut found in archosaurs and fishes that mechanically reduce food to aid digestion. Gizzards are thought to compensate for edentulism and/or provide an advantage when consuming small, tough food items (e.g., phytoplankton and algae). It is unknown how widespread gizzards are in fishes and how similar these structures are among different lineages. Here, we investigate the distribution of gizzards across bony fishes to (1) survey different fishes for gizzard presence, (2) compare the histological structure of gizzards in three species, (3) estimate how often gizzards have evolved in fishes, and (4) explore whether anatomical and ecological traits like edentulism and microphagy predict gizzard presence. According to our analyses, gizzards are rare across bony fishes, evolving only six times in a broad taxonomic sampling of 51 species, and gizzard presence is not clearly correlated with factors like gut length or dentition. We find that gizzard morphology varies among the lineages where one is present, both macroscopically (presence of a crop) and microscopically (varying tissue types). We conclude that gizzards likely aid in the mechanical reduction of food in fishes that have lost an oral dentition in their evolutionary past; however, the relative scarcity of gizzards suggests they are just one of many possible solutions for processing tough, nutrient‐poor food items. Gizzards have long been present in the evolutionary history of fishes, can be found in a wide variety of marine and freshwater clades, and likely have been overlooked in many taxa.

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The role of heterotopy and heterochrony during morphological diversification of otocephalan epibranchial organs

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Particle separation mechanisms in suspension-feeding fishes: key questions and future directions

Particle separation mechanisms in suspension-feeding fishes: key questions and future directions

Evolutionary mechanisms modulating the mammalian skull development

True grit? Comparative anatomy and evolution of gizzards in fishes

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