The role of herpesvirus 6A and 6B in multiple sclerosis and epilepsy

Dunn, Nicky; Kharlamova, Nastya; Fogdell‐Hahn, Anna

doi:10.1111/sji.12984

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Therefore, the occurrence of this typical presentation in our immunodeficient patient with positive HHV6 PCR in CSF, CSF pleocytosis in the typical viral range, and good clinical and serological response to ganciclovir is less likely to be a rare coincidence. Moreover, HHV6 infection/reactivation has been shown to trigger demyelination so the positivity to the demyelinating antibody in our patient is in itself supportive of HHV6 infection (Dunn et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

COVID-19, HHV6 and MOG antibody: A perfect storm

Jumah

Rahman

Figgie

et al. 2021

Journal of Neuroimmunology

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Background: Serious neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 are increasingly being recognized. Case: We report a novel case of HHV6 myelitis with parainfectious MOG-IgG in the setting of COVID-19-induced lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia. The patient experienced complete neurological recovery with gancyclovir, high dose corticosteroids, and plasma exchange. To our knowledge, this is the first case of HHV6 reactivation in the central nervous system in the setting of COVID19 infection and the first case of MOG-IgG myelitis in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 and HHV6 coinfection. Conclusion: Patients with neurological manifestations in the setting of COVID19-related immunodeficiency should be tested for opportunistic infections including HHV6. Viral infection is a known trigger for MOG-IgG and therefore this antibody should be checked in patients with SARS-CoV-2 associated demyelination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

COVID-19, HHV6 and MOG antibody: A perfect storm

Jumah

Rahman

Figgie

et al. 2021

Journal of Neuroimmunology

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“…While HCMV has well-established disease associations, emerging data has begun to link HHV-6 and HHV-7 to other illnesses as well. For example, recent research discussed at the 11th International Conference on Human Herpesviruses-6A, -6B, and -7 indicated these viruses may play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis [ 226 ], while other reports have linked these viruses to diseases such as depression [ 227 ] and epilepsy [ 228 , 229 ]. As more evidence comes to light and the need for effective treatment for these viruses becomes clear, a thorough understanding of the interplay between the immune system and betaherpesviruses becomes increasingly imperative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evasion of the Host Immune Response by Betaherpesviruses

Sausen

Reed

Bhutta

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The human immune system boasts a diverse array of strategies for recognizing and eradicating invading pathogens. Human betaherpesviruses, a highly prevalent subfamily of viruses, include human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus (HHV) 6A, HHV-6B, and HHV-7. These viruses have evolved numerous mechanisms for evading the host response. In this review, we will highlight the complex interplay between betaherpesviruses and the human immune response, focusing on protein function. We will explore methods by which the immune system first responds to betaherpesvirus infection as well as mechanisms by which viruses subvert normal cellular functions to evade the immune system and facilitate viral latency, persistence, and reactivation. Lastly, we will briefly discuss recent advances in vaccine technology targeting betaherpesviruses. This review aims to further elucidate the dynamic interactions between betaherpesviruses and the human immune system.

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“…During persistent viral infection, clinical manifestations may frequently not even appear. However, the putative long term influence is associated with the central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as encephalitis, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and has a role in tumorigenesis and mood disorders [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Herpesvirus-6 and -7 in the Brain Microenvironment of Persons with Neurological Pathology and Healthy People

Skuja

Svirskis

Murovska

2021

IJMS

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During persistent human beta-herpesvirus (HHV) infection, clinical manifestations may not appear. However, the lifelong influence of HHV is often associated with pathological changes in the central nervous system. Herein, we evaluated possible associations between immunoexpression of HHV-6, -7, and cellular immune response across different brain regions. The study aimed to explore HHV-6, -7 infection within the cortical lobes in cases of unspecified encephalopathy (UEP) and nonpathological conditions. We confirmed the presence of viral DNA by nPCR and viral antigens by immunohistochemistry. Overall, we have shown a significant increase (p < 0.001) of HHV antigen expression, especially HHV-7 in the temporal gray matter. Although HHV-infected neurons were found notably in the case of HHV-7, our observations suggest that higher (p < 0.001) cell tropism is associated with glial and endothelial cells in both UEP group and controls. HHV-6, predominantly detected in oligodendrocytes (p < 0.001), and HHV-7, predominantly detected in both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (p < 0.001), exhibit varying effects on neural homeostasis. This indicates a high number (p < 0.001) of activated microglia observed in the temporal lobe in the UEP group. The question remains of whether human HHV contributes to neurological diseases or are markers for some aspect of the disease process.

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The role of herpesvirus 6A and 6B in multiple sclerosis and epilepsy

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 24 publications

References 69 publications

COVID-19, HHV6 and MOG antibody: A perfect storm

COVID-19, HHV6 and MOG antibody: A perfect storm

Evasion of the Host Immune Response by Betaherpesviruses

Human Herpesvirus-6 and -7 in the Brain Microenvironment of Persons with Neurological Pathology and Healthy People

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