The role of Hebbian learning in human perception: a methodological and theoretical review of the human Visual Long-Term Potentiation paradigm

Sumner, Rachael L.; Spriggs, Meg J.; Muthukumaraswamy, Suresh; Kirk, Ian J.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.013

Cited by 32 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…The importance of LTP has led to considerable efforts to develop a non-invasive measure to assess the state of synaptic LTP in humans, in particular for research into clinical populations. One of the most commonly used measures uses high-frequency visual stimulation to induce a lasting change in the visually evoked potential, a validated product of LTP in the visual cortex [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans the visual LTP paradigm typically utilises high-frequency (~9 Hz) visual stimulation to induce change in the VEP [4,8]. First there is a baseline recording of the VEP using 1 Hz presentations of a stimulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following a~9 Hz photic tetanus, a post-tetanus recording determines if LTP has been induced within~2 minutes and then if it has been sustained longterm (typically 30-40 minutes post-tetanus). The change is commonly associated with LTP when localised to enhancement of the N1 and P2 early VEP components [4]. It has been proposed that the 9 Hz stimulation determines the interburst frequency of neural circuitry, similar to electrical tetanic bursts [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model was employed in the current study with the aim of capturing the induction of LTP in visual cortex following~9Hz visual stimulation in the classical visual LTP paradigm [4]. It was hypothesised that the changes in laminar connections would be in the same locations as LTP driven changes found by Heynen and Bear [5] and Huang, Rozas [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…STP is considered relatively unstable, and persists for 15-30 minutes [30]. Therefore, it has been suggested that early potentiation of the VEP (a couple of minutes post-tetanus), that is slightly decayed by the late post-tetanus block (commonly the N1 [4]), is likely contaminated by STP. In contrast, potentiation observed 30 minutes post-tetanus onward is likely to predominantly reflect E-LTP, and may contain some products of the conversion to L-LTP [4,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling thalamocortical circuitry shows that visually induced LTP changes laminar connectivity in human visual cortex

2021

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Neuroplasticity is essential to learning and memory in the brain; it has therefore also been implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, making measuring the state of neuroplasticity of foremost importance to clinical neuroscience. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a key mechanism of neuroplasticity and has been studied extensively, and invasively in non-human animals. Translation to human application largely relies on the validation of non-invasive measures of LTP. The current study presents a generative thalamocortical computational model of visual cortex for investigating and replicating interlaminar connectivity changes using non-invasive EEG recording of humans. The model is combined with a commonly used visual sensory LTP paradigm and fit to the empirical EEG data using dynamic causal modelling. The thalamocortical model demonstrated remarkable accuracy recapitulating post-tetanus changes seen in invasive research, including increased excitatory connectivity from thalamus to layer IV and from layer IV to II/III, established major sites of LTP in visual cortex. These findings provide justification for the implementation of the presented thalamocortical model for ERP research, including to provide increased detail on the nature of changes that underlie LTP induced in visual cortex. Future applications include translating rodent findings to non-invasive research in humans concerning deficits to LTP that may underlie neurological and psychiatric disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling thalamocortical circuitry shows that visually induced LTP changes laminar connectivity in human visual cortex

2021

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Memristor‐Based Intelligent Human‐Like Neural Computing

Wang

Song

Chen

et al. 2022

Adv Elect Materials

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In the field of a relatively dangerous working environment, NASA developed Valkyrie, a 44-degree-of-freedom, series elastic actuator-based robot. In addition, Valkyrie is designed to respond to disasters like nuclear disasters and advance human spaceflight in extraterrestrial planetary settings. [6] By implementing safety features and allowing remote intervention, Atkeson et al. enabled an Atlas humanoid robot to meet the standard in performing disaster response-related tasks involving physical contact with the environment. [7] Currently, to allow humanoid robots to feel and process the environmental information as human beings for perfectly implementing tasks, perceptual comprehension and computation efficiency are two key indexes. Nevertheless, it is challenging to achieve them. The former requires the installation of massive, diverse sensors in humanoids, which will inevitably slow down the processing speed under the current sensing-storage-process separated framework, i.e., von Neumann architecture. In other words, the current computer architecture builds up a barrier between sensing performance and computation efficiency. In this context, neuromorphic devices which can emulate the perceptual and computation functions of the biological nervous system have illustrated their potential to break the von Neumann barrier, attracting researchers' interests (Figure 1). Humanoid robots, intelligent machines resembling the human body in shape and functions, cannot only replace humans to complete services and dangerous tasks but also deepen the own understanding of the human body in the mimicking process. Nowadays, attaching a large number of sensors to obtain more sensory information and efficient computation is the development trend for humanoid robots. Nevertheless, due to the constraints of von Neumann-based structures, humanoid robots are facing multiple challenges, including tremendous energy consumption, latency bottlenecks, and the lack of bionic properties. Memristors, featured with high similarity to the biological elements, play an important role in mimicking the biological nervous system. The memristor-based nervous system allows humanoid robots to obtain high energy efficiency and bionic sensing properties, which are similar properties to the biological nervous system. Herein, this article first reviews the biological nervous system and memristor-based nervous system thoroughly, including the structures and also the functions. The applications of memristor-based nervous systems are introduced, the difficulties that need to be overcome are put forward, and future development prospects are also discussed. This review can hopefully provide an evolutionary perspective on humanoid robots and memristor-based nervous systems.

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Epigenetic conditioning induces intergenerational resilience to dementia in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment

Belmonte

Holmgren

Wills

et al. 2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Introduction Epigenetic stimuli induce beneficial or detrimental changes in gene expression, and consequently, phenotype. Some of these phenotypes can manifest across the lifespan—and even in subsequent generations. Here, we used a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) to determine whether epigenetically induced resilience to specific dementia‐related phenotypes is heritable by first‐generation progeny. Methods Our systemic epigenetic therapy consisted of 2 months of repetitive hypoxic “conditioning” (RHC) prior to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in adult C57BL/6J mice. Resultant changes in object recognition memory and hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP) were assessed 3 and 4 months later, respectively. Results Hypoperfusion‐induced memory/plasticity deficits were abrogated by RHC. Moreover, similarly robust dementia resilience was documented in untreated cerebral hypoperfused animals derived from RHC‐treated parents. Conclusions Our results in experimental VCID underscore the efficacy of epigenetics‐based treatments to prevent memory loss, and demonstrate for the first time the heritability of an induced resilience to dementia.

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The role of Hebbian learning in human perception: a methodological and theoretical review of the human Visual Long-Term Potentiation paradigm

Cited by 32 publications

References 117 publications

Modelling thalamocortical circuitry shows that visually induced LTP changes laminar connectivity in human visual cortex

Modelling thalamocortical circuitry shows that visually induced LTP changes laminar connectivity in human visual cortex

Memristor‐Based Intelligent Human‐Like Neural Computing

Epigenetic conditioning induces intergenerational resilience to dementia in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment

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