The role of healthcare personnel in the maintenance and spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cimolai, Nevio

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2008.10.001

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 218 publications

(407 reference statements)

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“…The evaluation process for P2 attributes was based on the food hygiene requirements included in the Codex Alimentarius (11) and the principles embedded in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Code (55). The six P2 attributes and the criteria used for scoring were 10. Hand and glove cleanliness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For microbial air quality measurements, MAB and Staphylococcus were selected as microbial indicators because methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are present in dust and airborne particles, which can be transmitted to foods (10). An air sampler (SAS Super 180, Scharlab, Barcelona, Spain) was used for counting the MAB and staphylococci (CFU per cubic meter of air).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Food Handler Practices and Microbiological Status of Ready-to-Eat Foods in Long-Term Care Facilities in the Andalusia Region of Spain

Rodríguez

Valero

Posada-Izquierdo

et al. 2011

Journal of Food Protection

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Food safety measures in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are being improved by the introduction of quality control management systems during food production and by the implementation of good manufacturing practices. This study was conducted in LTCFs (geriatric homes) in Andalusia, Spain, during 2008 and 2009 to evaluate sanitary conditions and the microbiological quality and safety of salads and cooked meat products served. A regulation-based checklist was applied to the evaluated centers. Samples of ready-to-eat foods (n = 60) were examined for mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB), total coliforms, coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), Escherichia coli, Listeria spp., and Salmonella. In parallel, food contact surfaces (working tables, cutting boards, sinks, and faucets) were swabbed and analyzed for MAB and Enterobacteriaceae. The air quality in processing rooms, near sinks, and in canteens also was measured through an active air sampling method for MAB and Staphyloccocus spp. The results obtained revealed some deficiencies regarding handling practices and sanitary conditions tested (i.e., use and change of gloves, hand washing, and cleanliness of work surfaces). The microbial safety of foods examined indicated the absence of pathogens. Average levels of coagulase-positive staphylococci were below 10² CFU/g, and prevalence of E. coli was 6.3% in samples collected. Surface counts were higher on cutting boards and faucets, indicating insufficient cleanliness procedures. This study provides a descriptive analysis of the sanitary conditions of food service systems in LTCF, and this information can help risk managers to better define control measures needed to prevent foodborne infections.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Food Handler Practices and Microbiological Status of Ready-to-Eat Foods in Long-Term Care Facilities in the Andalusia Region of Spain

Rodríguez

Valero

Posada-Izquierdo

et al. 2011

Journal of Food Protection

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“…The most important mode of MRSA transmission is through contamination of the hand [15]. An alternative mechanism of transmission is airborne dispersal of staphylococci in association with an upper respiratory tract infection [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRSA carriage among healthcare workers in non-outbreak settings in Europe and the United States: a systematic review

et al. 2014

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AbstarctBackgroundA recent review estimated prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in healthcare workers (HCWs) to be 4.6%. However, MRSA carriage in HCWs in non-outbreak settings is thought to be higher than in an outbreak situation, due to increased hygiene awareness in outbreaks, but valid data are missing. The goals of this paper are to summarise the prevalence of MRSA carriage amongst HCWs in non-outbreak situations and to identify occupational groups in healthcare services associated with a higher risk of MRSA colonisation.MethodsA systematic search for literature was conducted in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using seven criteria. Pooled prevalence rates were calculated. Pooled effect estimates were identified in a meta-analysis.Results31 studies were included in this review. The pooled MRSA colonisation rate was 1.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34%-2.50%). The rate increased to 4.4% (95% CI, 3.98%-4.88%) when one study from the Netherlands was excluded. The pooled MRSA rate was highest in nursing staff (6.9%). Nursing staff had an odds ratio of 1.72 (95% CI, 1.07-2.77) when compared with medical staff and an odds ratio of 2.58 (95%, 1.83-3.66) when compared with other healthcare staff. Seven studies were assessed as being of high quality. The pooled MRSA prevalence in high quality studies was 1.1% or 5.4% if the one large study from the Netherlands is not considered. The pooled prevalence in studies of moderate quality was 4.0%.ConclusionsMRSA prevalence among HCWs in non-outbreak settings was no higher than carriage rates estimated for outbreaks. Our estimate is in the lower half of the range of the published MRSA rates in the endemic setting. Our findings demonstrate that nursing staff have an increased risk for MRSA colonisation. In order to confirm this finding, more studies are needed, including healthcare professionals with varying degrees of exposure to MRSA. In order to reduce misclassification bias, standardisation of HCWs screening is warranted.

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“…The most important mode of MRSA transmission is through contamination of the hand [31]. An alternative mechanism of transmission is airborne dispersal of staphylococci in association with an upper respiratory tract infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and its Antibiotic Susceptibility among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in Ukraine

Salmanov

Verner

Shelkova

et al. 2018

Inter. jour. antoboit. and probiot.

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BACKGROUND. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among hospital personnel is a common cause of hospital acquired infections. Emergence of drug resistant strains especially methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a serious problem in hospital environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus its antibiotic susceptibility among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Ukraine. METHODS. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2017. The study included medical workers from 19 hospitals in different Ukrainian regions. Nasal swabs were taken from 755 randomly selected HCWs. The mean age of participants was 32.41 ± 8.29 years (range 19-74 years) with a male-tofemale ratio of 0.47. The isolates were identified as S. aureus based on morphology, Gram stain, catalase test, coagulase test, and mannitol salt agar fermentation. The sensitivity patterns of S. aureus strains were determined by disk diffusion method (Kirby -Bauer). The panel of antibiotics used in sensitivity tests included: penicillin, oxacillin, cefoxitin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, gentamicin, tobramicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, mupirocin, nitrofurantoin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, fosfomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, rifampicin, linezolid, tetracycline, tigecycline, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, and fusidic acid. Interpretative criteria were those suggested by the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). MRSA were confirmed by detection of the mecA gene by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS. Nasal screening identified 31.1 % (235/755) S. aureus carriers. Of the 235 nasal carriers of S. aureus, 83.4 % (196/755) carried MSSA (methicillin-sensitive S. aureus) and 39/755 (16.6 %) carried MRSA. The frequency of MRSA and MSSA carriage also varied according to the department/ward. The highest prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA was in the surgical wards. The staff of the general, pediatric, cardiovascular, neuro and orthopedic surgery wards together with the emergency department accounted for 56.4 % of all MRSA carriers. There was no significant difference between the sexes (p = 0.247), age (p = 0.817), and years of healthcare service (p = 0.15) with regard to the nasal carriage of MRSA and MSSA. In univariate analysis we divided the hospital departments into: emergency, internal medicine, pediatrics, ICUs, surgery, and non-medical units and found no significant difference between MSSA and MRSA carriers (p = 0.224). In the multivariate analysis, the occupation «nurse» was independently associated with MRSA carriage (p = 0.012, odds ratio 3.6, 95 % confidence interval 1.3-9.7). All the S. aureus isolates recovered from nasal carriers, were susceptible to linezolid, tigecycline, vancomycin, teicoplanin, and mupirocin. Susceptibility to the other antimicrobials was also on a high level: 98.3 % of strains were found susceptible to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, 96.2 % -to nitrofurantoin, 95.3 % -to fusidic acid, 92.3 % -to fosfomicin, 88....

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The role of healthcare personnel in the maintenance and spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 25 publications

References 218 publications

Evaluation of Food Handler Practices and Microbiological Status of Ready-to-Eat Foods in Long-Term Care Facilities in the Andalusia Region of Spain

Evaluation of Food Handler Practices and Microbiological Status of Ready-to-Eat Foods in Long-Term Care Facilities in the Andalusia Region of Spain

MRSA carriage among healthcare workers in non-outbreak settings in Europe and the United States: a systematic review

Prevalence of Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and its Antibiotic Susceptibility among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in Ukraine

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